Organelles

Question 1

why is being a multicellular organism beneficial?

Answer 1

fewer predators and can eat more prey, longer life span and specialised for adaptation

Question 2

how much of the cell is cytosol?

Answer 2

55%

Question 3

how much of the cytosol is made up of water?

Answer 3

75-90%

Question 4

what does the cytosol contain?

Answer 4

dissolved ions, glucose, amino acids, ATP, lipids and waste

Question 5

what happens in the cytosol?

Answer 5

site of enzymatically controlled reactions

Question 6

what is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 6

structural support, maintaining the shape of the cell, organelle anchorage

Question 7

how does the cytoskeleton help motility?

Answer 7

cell locomotion, movement of cilia and flagella

Question 8

what role does the cytoskeleton play in regulation?

Answer 8

organises the activities of the cell

Question 9

how does the cytoskeleton help signalling?

Answer 9

important in cell communication

Question 10

what three protein filaments are in the cytoskeleton?

Answer 10

microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Question 11

what are microfilaments made of?

Answer 11

actin and myosin

Question 12

where are microfilaments found?

Answer 12

surrounding the edge of the cell

Question 13

what is the function of the microfilaments?

Answer 13

help generate movement

Question 14

what are some features of microfilaments?

Answer 14

microvilli, cell division

Question 15

what are intermediate filaments made of?

Answer 15

keratin, vimetin and lamin

Question 16

where are intermediate filaments found?

Answer 16

in areas of cell subject to stress

Question 17

what are microtubules made of?

Answer 17

long, unbranched hollow tubules made of tubulin

Question 18

where are microtubules found?

Answer 18

in the centrosome and radiate outwards

Question 19

what are the functions of microtubules?

Answer 19

cell strength, shape and movement of organelles, give flagella structure

Question 20

where is the centrosome?

Answer 20

near the nucleus

Question 21

what are centrosomes made of?

Answer 21

cylindrical structures composed of a circle of 9 clusters of microtubule triplets at right angles

Question 22

what is pericentriolar material?

Answer 22

rings of tubulin that surround the centrioles

Question 23

what is the function of the centrosome?

Answer 23

growth of the mitotic spindle

Question 24

what are the cilia and flagella made of?

Answer 24

primarily microtubules

Question 25

what is each cilium anchored to?

Answer 25

a basal body and has a core of microtubules, 9 pairs enclose a centre pair

Question 26

what is the function of the rough ER?

Answer 26

receives proteins from ribosomes to process and sort them, and then distribute them

Question 27

what is the function of the smooth ER?

Answer 27

synthesises fatty acids and steroids

Question 28

what does the smooth ER do in the liver?

Answer 28

helps detoxify lipid soluble drugs such as alcohol

Question 29

what is autophagy?

Answer 29

the digestion of worn out organelles

Question 30

why is autophagy neccessary?

Answer 30

for renewal, cellular differentiation and tissue remodelling

Question 31

what is the function of peroxisomes?

Answer 31

oxidises substances such as alcohol, contains catalase to protect against hydrogen peroxide

Question 32

what do proteasomes do?

Answer 32

degrade cytosolic proteins using protease

Question 33

why are proteasomes important?

Answer 33

for negative feedback