Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Steps to IUPAC naming

Answer 1

1. Identify longest parent chain for root name
2. Number parent chain giving substituents lowest possible numbers
3. Name substituents
4. Complete the name with prefixes and suffixes
5. Arrange name in alphabetical order (not including hyphenated prefixes)

Question 2

What is a heteroatom?

Answer 2

any atom not C or H

Question 3

Which carbons have highest priority in naming?

Answer 3

the C with the higher oxidation state

Question 4

What are the first 4 IUPAC naming root names for substituents?

Answer 4

methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl

Question 5

how do you name an alkane with a halogen?

Answer 5

add halogen prefix to the alkane name

EX: flouropentane

Question 6

how to name an alcohol IUPAC style

Answer 6

replace -e of parent with -ol IF it is the highest branch; use hydroxy- if it is not

EX: hexanol or hydroxyhexan(al)

Question 7

What is the order of priority for IUPAC naming for parent names?

Answer 7

Lowest to highest:

alkane, alkene, alkyne, alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, amide, ester, anhydride, carboxylic acid

Question 8

What is a diol?

Answer 8

An alcohol with 2 OH groups; aka glycols

Named with a -diol at the end

Question 9

What is a geminal diol?

Answer 9

An alcohol with 2 OHs on the same C; aka hydrates. Highly reactive!

Question 10

What is a vicinal diol?

Answer 10

Alcohols with 2 OHs on adjacent C’s.

Question 11

What is the common name of methanal?

Answer 11

formaldehyde

Question 12

What is the common name of ethanal?

Answer 12

acetaldehyde

Question 13

What is the common name of propanal?

Answer 13

propionaldehyde

Question 14

What is acetone?

Answer 14

propanone

Question 15

What is a common way to name ketones?

Answer 15

name each of the C branches stemming from the carbonyl and place them in alphabetical order before -ketone

Question 16

IUPAC suffix for carboxylic acids

Answer 16

-oic acid

Question 17

How do you name an ester?

Answer 17

replace -oic acid of the carboxylic acid with -oate and add the connecting branch on the other side of the O to the beginning of the name

EX: methanoic acid and butanol make butyl methanoate

Question 18

What is the difference btw an amido group and an amino group?

Answer 18

An amido group is like a carboxylic acid but the OH is replaced with NH or NC group. An amino group is just a N containing group.

An amido is made up of a carbonyl adjacent an amino.

Question 19

IUPAC naming of amides?

Answer 19

replace -oic acid of the carboxylic acid with -amide and add the connecting branches on the other side of the N to the beginning of the name with an N- prefix

EX: N-ethyl-N-methylbutanamide

Question 20

IUPAC naming of anhydrides?

Answer 20

name both carboxylic acids that make up the anhydride; remove the words “acid”; add the word “anhydride” to the end of the longest acid (parent) and put it at the end

Question 21

What are the 2 prefix options for naming a ketone as a substituent?

Answer 21

keto- or oxo-

Question 22

What is the IUPAC prefix for an anhydride?

Answer 22

oxo-

Question 23

What is the IUPAC prefix for an amide?

Answer 23

carbamoyl- or amido-

Question 24

What is the IUPAC prefix for an ester?

Answer 24

alkoxycarbonyl-

Question 25

What is the IUPAC prefix for a carboxylic acid?

Answer 25

carboxy-

Question 26

What is an isopropyl?

Answer 26

A substituent that has 3 carbons and is arranged like a Y

Question 27

What is a tert-butyl?

Answer 27

A substituent that has 4 carbons and is arranged like a turkey foot