Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MY MCAT > Phychology > Flashcards

Phychology Flashcards

1
Q

Who is Franz Gall?

A

developed Phrenology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is phrenology?

A

The false idea that if you used a certain part of your brain more, it would grow larger. Therefor the anatomy of your brain is a direct correlation with your patterns of thinking and personality, and you could read this “map” by the bumps on the skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who is Pierre Flourens?

A

The first man to study the functions of specific areas of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What experiment did Pierre Flourens perform?

A

He removed certain areas of the brain (extirpation aka ablasion) to see what behaviors would be effected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who is William James?

A

He was focused on how the brain adapts to the environment. He helped develop functionalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who is John Dewey?

A

He was focused on how an organism adapted to a certain environment. He helped develop functionalism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is functionalism in psychology?

A

The study of how organisms mentally adapt in response to their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who is Paul Broca?

A

the first to link specific deficits with specific brain lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Broca’s Area?

A

a major language center in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who is Hermann von Helmholtz?

A

the first scientist to measure the speed of a nerve impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who is Sir Charles Sherrington?

A

He was the first to infer the existence of synapses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is extirpation?

A

Removing certain areas of the brain and observing differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a functional impairment in psychology?

A

A change in behavior due to a specific brain lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What led to psychology becoming one of the natural sciences?

A

The discovery of nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is the PNS divided?

A

It’s divided into the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the autonomic nervous system divided?

A

It’s divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are interneurons part of the CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the key stimulated responses to sympathetic stimulation?

A

pupil dialation, bronchioles relax, heartbeat increase, digestion decrease, adrenal gland increased output, stimulate sweating, inhibit peristalisis, relax bladder, increase glucose production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the key responses to parasympathetic stimulation?

A

pupil contractioin, bronchioles constrict, heartbeat decrease, stimulate digestion, stimulate bile release, constrict bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the parts of the hindbrain?

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the Pons do?

A

relays information and regulates sleep

“Sleep-Pon the bed”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the medulla oblongata do?

A

regulate breathing, HR, and BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

coordinate movements and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the parts of the adult midbrain?

A

Superior colliculus and inferior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does the superior colliculus do?

A

Receive visual input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the inferior colliculus do?

A

Receive auditory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the importance of animals for studying the brain?

A

Ethics do not allow stimulation or ablasion of human brains because of unknown irreversible damages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the importance of electrical stimulation for studying the brain?

A

Placing electrodes directly on an alert patient’s brain can stimulate certain memories, sensations, and thought patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the significance of EEG’s in studying the brain?

A

A cap covered in electrodes can map electrical activity throughout the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is rCBF?

A

regional cerebral blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the importance of rCBF in studying the brain?

A

detecting blood flow to certain areas of the brain as a patient is being stimulated

32
Q

What parts does the telencephalon become?

A

cerebrum, basal ganglia, and limbic system

33
Q

What parts does the diencephalon become?

A

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, and posterior pituitary gland

34
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

Receive input from all senses except smell and relay the signals to the proper areas of the brain for processing

35
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

regulates homeostatis of water balance, temperature, and metabolism; aggressive or sexual emotions; hormone balance to regulate autonomic system

36
Q

What are the 3 areas of the hypothalamus and what does each part do?

A

Lateral (trigger eating and drinking), Ventromedial (satiety center), and anterior (sexual behavior)

37
Q

What is the function of the posterior pituitary?

A

Store and release the hormones ADH and oxitocin.

38
Q

What is the function of the pineal gland?

A

regulate “Carcadian” rhythms and secrete melatonin

39
Q

What does melatonin do?

A

Regulate sleep cycle

40
Q

What is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

Coordinate muscle movement and smooth muscle

41
Q

What brain area has been linked to the jerky movements of Parkinson’s patients?

A

malformations in the basal ganglia

42
Q

What is the function of the limbic system?

A

mainly emotions and memory

43
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A

memory and learning (forming new memories)

44
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

memory and emotional reactions (aggression or passive)

45
Q

What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

A

To exert the executive functions over the other areas of the brain; planning, emotional coping, etc.

46
Q

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe?

A

Spatial processing; proprioception and 3D imagining of 2D images

47
Q

What is the main function of the occipital lobe?

A

Visual processing

48
Q

What is the primary function of the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory processing for language and music

49
Q

What is the somatosensory cortex? Were does it lie?

A

receives sensory stimuli for processing; parietal lobe

50
Q

What is the motor cortex? Where does it lie?

A

sends the motor signals in response to the somatosensory cortex; frontal lobe

51
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Connects the 2 hemispheres of brain

52
Q

What is a person who uses “left side” of their brain usually better at?

A

math, logic, language, analysis

53
Q

What is a person who uses “right side” of their brain usually better at?

A

emotion, intuition, creativity, spacial processing

54
Q

What is ipsilateral control? What sensory input is under this kind of control?

A

When a side of the brain controls that same side of neurons; hearing

55
Q

What is contralateral control?

A

The left side of the brain controls right side movement and sight

56
Q

What are the important neurotransmitters for the CNS?

A

dopamine, serotonin, GABA, endorphins, and acetylcholine

57
Q

What are the important neurotransmitters for the PNS?

A

acetylcholine, epinephrine, and noepinephrine

58
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

activates reward circuit

59
Q

What does serotonin do?

A

sleep cycles, mood, appetite, dreams

60
Q

What does GABA do?

A

it’s a regulator that inhibits over stimulation of the nerves

61
Q

What do endorphins do?

A

kill pain over a long period of time, cause euphoria

62
Q

What does epinephrine do?

A

aka “adrenaline”, it triggers the sympathetic responses

63
Q

What does norepinephrine do?

A

regulates level of alertness

64
Q

What does acetylcholine do in the PNS?

A

regulates movement of voluntary muscle

65
Q

What does acetylcholine do in the CNS?

A

influences attention and arousal

66
Q

What are the hormones released by the anterior pituitary?

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, endorphins, and GH

67
Q

What hormones does the adrenal medulla release?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

68
Q

What hormones does the adrenal cortex release?

A

cortisol and sex hormones

69
Q

What hormones do the gonads produce?

A

estrogen and testosterone

70
Q

What do nocireceptors detect?

A

pain

71
Q

What do osmoreceptors detect? Where are they located?

A

concentration (in the blood); hypothalamus

72
Q

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

A

Sensation is the raw sensory input to the CNS, but perception is becoming aware of it which includes any biases and experiences

73
Q

What is a sensory threshold?

A

The amount of difference required to detect a difference between 2 things

74
Q

What is Weber’s Law?

A

The understanding that each individual has a different sensory threshold proportion (just noticeable difference - JND), and it stays that proportion no matter what the numerical difference is.

75
Q

How do you calculate a JND (just noticeable difference)?

A

Take the sensory difference btw two inputs and divide by the INITIAL stimulus. This will give you your percentage or proportion.

MY MCAT (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions