Organic Chemistry Paper 2

Question 1

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 1

Compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon

Question 2

What is crude oil

Answer 2

The remains of dead organisms that lived millions of years ago

Question 3

What is crude oil an important source of

Answer 3

Fuel and feedstock

Question 4

What is crude oil an important source of

Answer 4

Fuel and feedstock

Question 5

What is the general formula for alkanes

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

What are the first 4 alkanes you need to know

Answer 6

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

Question 7

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons

Answer 7

Saturated as it’s a single bond

Question 8

Describe the process of fractional distillation

Answer 8

First heat the crude oil. heated crude oil enters a tall fractionating column which is hot at the bottom and gets cooler towards the top. vapours from the oil rise through the column vapours condense when they become cool enough. liquids are led out of the column at different heights

Question 9

Why do small hydrocarbon molecules have low boiling points

Answer 9

They have weak intermolecular forces that don’t require a lot of energy to overcome

Question 10

What is viscosity

Answer 10

A measure of how difficult it is for the substance to flow- higher viscosity means it’s more thick

Question 11

What properties do smaller hydrocarbons have

Answer 11

Boiling points below room temperature
Very flammable
Low viscosity

Question 12

What properties do larger hydrocarbons have

Answer 12

High boiling point (above room temperature)
Difficult to ignite
High viscosity

Question 13

When does complete combustion occur

Answer 13

When there is a good supply of air(oxygen)

Question 14

Is complete combustion exothermic or endothermic

Answer 14

Exothermic

Question 15

What is the word formula for complete combustion

Answer 15

Hydrocarbon +oxygen —-> carbon dioxide +water

Question 16

What is the word equation of incomplete combustion

Answer 16

Hydrocarbon + oxygen——-> carbon monoxide + water

Question 17

What is cracking

Answer 17

Cracking
is a reaction in which larger saturated
hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which are unsaturated

Question 18

Hexane is cracked to form butane and what (C6H14 → C4H10 +??)

Answer 18

Ethene

Question 19

What are the two types of cracking

Answer 19

Catalyst and steam

Question 20

Why is cracking important

Answer 20

Produces alkenes which are useful for feedstock for the petrochemical industry

Question 21

Are alkene saturated or unsaturated hydrogen carbons and why

Answer 21

Unsaturated as it has a double bond

Question 22

What is the test for alkenes and the result

Answer 22

Bromine water
Orange—> colourless

Question 23

What is the general formula for alkenes

Answer 23

CnH2n

Question 24

What is the product of an alkene + water

Answer 24

Alcohol

Question 25

What is the general formula for alcohols

Answer 25

CnH2n+1OH

Question 26

Is fermentation an aerobic or anaerobic process

Answer 26

Anaerobic as it does not require oxygen

Question 27

What are the required conditions for fermentation

Answer 27

Warm temperatures 25 -35 degrees sugars dissolved in water, and mixed with yeast 40⁰c an air lock to allow carbon dioxide out, while stopping air getting in

Question 28

What is the word equation for fermentation

Answer 28

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 29

What are the first 4 alcohols

Answer 29

Methanol Ethanol Propanol Butanol

Question 30

When alcohols are oxidised what do they produces

Answer 30

A carboxylic acid

Question 31

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 31

COOH

Question 32

What is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol

Answer 32

Ester and water

Question 33

What is a polymer

Answer 33

A large molecule formed from many identical smaller molecules know as monomers

Question 34

Alcohol + water?

Answer 34

Neutral solution

Question 35

carboxylic acid + metal carbonate?

Answer 35

When carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates, they form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 36

Carboxylic acid + water? Why?

Answer 36

Weak acid as partially ionises in water

Question 37

ethanoic acid + ethanol?

Answer 37

ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol it forms the ester ethyl ethanoate + water

Question 38

What is polymerisation? Types?

Answer 38

Monomer molecules react together to form polymers addition polymerisation condensation polymerisation

Question 39

Additional polymerisation?

Answer 39

Alkenes

Question 40

Condensation polymerisation?

Answer 40

With 2 functional groups Water is produced OH + COOH forms a polyester