Organic Compounds & DNA Structure

Question 1

4 Energy Storing Compounds

Answer 1

1. NADH2 – NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
2. FADH2 – FLAVINE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE
3. ATP – ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE [chief]
4. ADP – ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE

Question 2

difference of organic compounds from inorganic compounds

Answer 2

presence of carbon atoms

Question 3

4 organic compounds in the organism’s body

Answer 3

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic Acids

Question 4

simplest and the most abundant organic compounds

Answer 4

Carbohydrates

Question 5

store energy and provide shape to organisms

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

3 classes of CHO

Answer 6

1. sugars
2. starches
3. celluloses

Question 7

the simplest form of sugar

Answer 7

monosaccharides

Question 8

building blocks of more complex carbohydrates

Answer 8

monosaccharides

Question 9

main building block of sugar

Answer 9

glucose

Question 10

end product of digestion

Answer 10

glucose

Question 11

fruit sugar

Answer 11

fructose

Question 12

milk sugar

Answer 12

galactose

Question 13

2 monosaccharides to disaccharides

Answer 13

dehydration synthesis

Question 14

disaccharides to 2 monosaccharides

Answer 14

hydrolysis

Question 15

two simple sugars bonded together

Answer 15

disaccharides

Question 16

Fructose + Glucose

Answer 16

Sucrose

Question 17

Galactose + Glucose

Answer 17

Lactose

Question 18

Glucose + Glucose

Answer 18

Maltose

Question 19

made of many glucose molecules bonded together in a long chain

Answer 19

polysaccharides

Question 20

elements found in proteins but not in carbohydrates

Answer 20

• N (Nitrogen)
• S (Sulfur)
• P (Phosphorus)
• Fe (Iron)

Question 21

large and complex molecules that consists of amino acid units linked together

Answer 21

proteins

Question 22

building blocks of proteins

Answer 22

about 20 amino acids

Question 23

results when two amino acids are joined together

Answer 23

dipeptide

Question 24

results when two dipeptides are joined together

Answer 24

polypeptide

Question 25

6 functions of proteins

Answer 25

1. Movement 2. Structure 3. Regulation 4. Transport 5. Nutrition 6. Defense

Question 26

proteins necessary for the contraction of muscles

Answer 26

actin & myosin

Question 27

the most abundant proteins in the human body that forms bone, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage

Answer 27

collagen

Question 28

the hard parts of the skeleton of a vertebrate animal

Answer 28

bone

Question 29

longest bone

Answer 29

femur

Question 30

from the Latin word ‘tendere’ means to stretch a tough cord or band of dense white fibrous connective tissue that unites a muscle with some other parts

Answer 30

tendons

Question 31

a tough band of tissue connecting the articular extremities of bones or supporting an organ in place

Answer 31

ligaments

Question 32

translucent somewhat elastic tissue that composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos and in some joints, respiratory passages and the external ear

Answer 32

cartilage

Question 33

process of bone formation

Answer 33

ossification

Question 34

proteins that control chemical reactions in cells and can speed up some reactions by more than a million folds

Answer 34

enzymes

Question 35

transport protein used to move Oxygen throughout the body

Answer 35

hemoglobin

Question 36

stores amino acids for milk use by some newborn animals

Answer 36

casein

Question 37

first milk that the body produces during pregnancy

Answer 37

colostrum

Question 38

proteins that help animals fight off the invasion of viruses and bacteria

Answer 38

antibodies

Question 39

fats and other substances that contain elements like C, H, with less O than in carbohydrates

Answer 39

lipids

Question 40

group of chemicals that include fats, oil, waxes, phospholipids and steroids

Answer 40

lipids

Question 41

carbohydrates when energy is stored for a longer period of time

Answer 41

fats

Question 42

lipids that are solid in room temperature

Answer 42

fats

Question 43

lipids that are liquid in room temperature

Answer 43

oils

Question 44

important structural chemicals in cells

Answer 44

phospolipids

Question 45

last group of lipids thst serves as structural and control function in our body

Answer 45

steroids

Question 46

components of the membranes that surround the cells

Answer 46

cholesterol

Question 47

large, complex molecules that contain hereditary or genetic information (DNA)

Answer 47

nucleic acids

Question 48

building blocks of nucleic acids

Answer 48

polypeptide/nucleotide

Question 49

the macromolecule that makes up the major portion of the chromosomes

Answer 49

nucleic acids

Question 50

two kinds of nucleic acids

Answer 50

* DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) * RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

Question 51

found only inside the nucleus of the cell

Answer 51

DNA

Question 52

carries instruction that control the activities of the cell

Answer 52

DNA

Question 53

five-carbon sugar (pentose) in DNA

Answer 53

deoxyribose

Question 54

Nitrogenous Bases in DNA

Answer 54

1. cytosine (C) 2. guanine (G) 3. adenine (A) 4. thymine (T)

Question 55

found both inside and outside (cytoplasm) the nucleus

Answer 55

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

Question 56

sugar in RNA

Answer 56

ribose

Question 57

Nitrogenous Bases in RNA

Answer 57

1. cytosine (C) 2. guanine (G) 3. adenine (A) 4. uracil (U)

Question 58

3 types of RNA

Answer 58

1. Messenger RNA (mRNA) 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Question 59

purines nitrogenous bases

Answer 59

adenine (A) & guanine (G)

Question 60

pyrimidine nitrogenous bases

Answer 60

thymine (T), cytosine (C), &Uracil (U)

Question 61

a biochemist that shared with the scientific community two crucial insights into the composition of DNA

Answer 61

Erwin Chargaff

Question 62

start codon

Answer 62

initiator - AUG

Question 63

stop codon

Answer 63

terminator - UAA UAG UGA