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Intro Flashcards

1
Q

biological science

A

the study of living things; the science of life

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2
Q

life

A

refers to the properties and conditions which distinguish a plant and animal from inorganic matter or dead organisms

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3
Q

dead

A

defined as as deprived of life

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4
Q

Organisms obey the ____________.

A

same laws of Physics and Chemistry

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5
Q

6 Principles and Theories about Life

A
  1. Vitalism
  2. Mechanism
  3. Divine Creation Theory
  4. Cell Theory
  5. Spontaneous Generation
  6. Biogenesis Theory
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6
Q

Vitalism

A

living things exist because they have been filled with Special Forces called ethers

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7
Q

Spontaneous Generation

A

known as Abiogenesis theory; process by which life begins when ethers enter non-living things and life started with anything without life

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8
Q

Divine Creation

A

belief that we were created by GOD in HIS own image

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9
Q

cell

A

the basic unit of life

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10
Q

Cell Theory

A
  • All organisms are made up of cells.
  • All cells came from pre-existing cells.
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11
Q

Mechanism

A

Both living and non-living obey the laws of Physics and Chemistry

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12
Q

Biogenesis Theory

A

the principle that life comes only from life

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13
Q

“Bio” means _____ and ”Genesis” means _____.

A

life; beginning

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14
Q

7 Characteristics of Living Things

A
  • Form and size
  • Organization
  • Movement
  • Growth and Life cycle
  • Metabolism
  • Irritability
  • Reproduction
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15
Q

11 Systems of the Human Body

A
  1. Cardiovascular System
  2. Digestive System
  3. Endocrine System
  4. Integumentary System
  5. Lymphatic System
  6. Muscular System
  7. Nervous System
  8. Respiratory System
  9. Reproductive System
  10. Skeletal System
  11. Urinary System
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16
Q

4 Relationships Exist in the Ecosystem

A
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism
  • Predation
  • Parasitism
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17
Q

Mutualism

A

both organisms benefited in the relationship

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18
Q

Commensalism

A

type of relationship where one organism benefits while other organism is unharmed or unaffected

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19
Q

Predation

A

a relationship where organism is harmed or killed while the other benefits

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20
Q

Parasitism

A

one organism acts as a parasite and a host that nourishes the parasites

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21
Q

Predator

A

one that kills other organism

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22
Q

Prey

A

one being killed in the relationship

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23
Q

Ectoparasitism

A

the parasite lives outside the body of the host

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24
Q

Endoparasitism

A

the parasite lives within the body of the host

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25
internal growth
intussusceptions
26
external growth
accretion
27
Anabolism
the constructive or building up of protoplasm from simple compounds and elements
28
end-products of digestion
simple compounds and elements
29
Catabolism
destructive or breaking down phase; involves the release of energy by breaking food substance through respiration
30
Homeostasis
the regulation and maintenance of a relatively constant set of conditions within an organism
31
Irritability
capacity to adapt to environmental changes
32
Reproduction
the ability of the organism to create another one of the same kind
33
4 Periods - History of Biology
1. Primitives Period 2. Classical Period 3. Renaissance Period 4. Modern Period
34
Primitive Period
characterized by uncritical accumulation of information; practical necessities of obtaining food, materials for clothing and shelter, substances to cure ailments, and necessary information about the human body
35
Classical Period
began with the Greeks and continued with the Romans; marked by great curiosity about natural phenomena and an ability to organize biological knowledge and record it
36
Hippocrates
the Father of Medicine; "diseases have natural causes and the body has the power to repair itself'
37
Aristotle
Greatest Ancient Scientist who excelled in making observations
38
Theophratus
Aristotle’s student who carried on pioneer studies on the nature of plants
39
Renaissance Period
took place during the 14th to 16th centuries; curiosity about the structure of living things was rekindled
40
made accurate studies in plants, animals and human anatomy
Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo
41
published his book “The Structure of the Human Body”
Andreas Vesalius
42
described the blood circulation in man which contributed to Physiology
William Harvey
43
introduced Microscope at the beginning of 17th century
Anton Van leeuwenhoek
44
established the concept of the cell theory
Robert Hooke
45
cell theory according to Robert Hooke
cell is like an empty chamber of monasteries
46
a botanist in modern period
Matthias Schleiden
47
a zoologist in modern period
Theodore Schwann
48
experimentally disapproved the spontaneous origin of life from non living matter
Francesco Redi
49
“The Father of Taxonomy” & established the system of nomenclature in which all living things are arranged by genera and species
Carolus Linnaeus
50
“The Father of Modern Microbiology” that laid the foundation of modern Microbiology
Louis Pasteur
51
9 Branches of Biology
1. BOTANY - study of plants 2. ZOOLOGY - study of animals 3. PATHOLOGY - study of mechanisms of diseases 4. BIOCHEMISTRY - combines biology and chemistry to study living matter 5. PHYTOPATHOLOGY - study of plant diseases 6. PHYSIOLOGY - study of life 7. TAXONOMY - science of naming, describing and classifying organisms 8. GENETICS - study of genes and heredity 9. PHARMACOLOGY - study of the mechanisms of drugs and medicine
52
Archaeology
remnants of the past
53
Artifacts
man-made objects
54
Fossils
organic remains
55
Ecology
ecosystem of the living and environment
56
Cytology
study of cell
57
Histology
study of tissues
58
Endocrinology
study of endocrine
59
Camouflage
blending of animals to the colour of the environment
60
Counter-Shading
ability of animals to be darker on the side that receives strongest illumination
61
Hibernation
slowing down of activities during cold season
62
Estivation
slowing down of activities during hot season
63
Mimicry
creating and imitating sounds by animals to look bigger than their predators

NAT101 (10 decks)

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