Organic II

Question 1

What is an alcohol?

Answer 1

organic molecule, contains an -O-H functional group (hydroxyl)

Question 2

Molecular formula for ethanol?

Answer 2

C₂H₆O

Question 3

Molecular formula for methanol?

Answer 3

CH₄O

Question 4

Molecular formula for propanol?

Answer 4

C₃H₈O

Question 5

Molecular formula for butanol?

Answer 5

C₄H₁₀O

Question 6

What is an isomer of propan-1-ol?

Answer 6

Propan-2-ol

Question 7

What methods can be used to manufacture ethanol?

Answer 7

Hydration of ethene
fermentation of glucose

Question 8

Write the chemical equation for the hydration of ethene

Answer 8

C₂H₄ + H₂O -> C₂H₅OH

Question 9

Write the chemical equation for the fermentation of glucose

Answer 9

C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂

Question 10

What conditions are needed for the hydration of ethene?

Answer 10

300ºC
65 atm pressure
phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 11

What conditions are needed for the fermentation of glucose?

Answer 11

30ºC
yeast
anaerobic

Question 12

What are the advantages for hydration of ethene?

Answer 12

One product produced (ethanol)
continuous process

Question 13

What are the disadvantages for hydration of ethene?

Answer 13

requires lots of energy
non renewable raw material

Question 14

What are the advantages for the fermentation of glucose?

Answer 14

renewable raw material
not energy intensive

Question 15

What are the disadvantages for the fermentation of glucose?

Answer 15

impure ethanol (produces CO₂ aswel)
batch process

Question 16

What common name is given to a solution of ethanoic acid?

Answer 16

vinegar

Question 17

What can ethanol turn into?

Answer 17

ethanoic acid

Question 18

Write an equation for the complete combustion of ethanol

Answer 18

C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ -> 2CO₂ + H₂O

Question 19

Why is a blue flame needed for the complete combustion of ethanol?

Answer 19

alcohols contain oxygen therefore more complete combustion

Question 20

What methods can be used to produce ethanoic acid?

Answer 20

microbial oxidation
chemical oxidation

Question 21

What is the microbial oxidation of ethanol?

Answer 21

micro-organisms (bacteria) use oxygen in the air to oxides ethanol

Question 22

Write the chemical equation for microbial oxidation of ethanol

Answer 22

C₂H₅OH + 2[o] -> CH₃COOH + H₂O

Question 23

Write the chemical equation for chemical oxidation of ethanol

Answer 23

C₂H₅OH + 2[o] -> CH₃COOH + H₂O

Question 24

What is the oxidising agent used in the chemical oxidation of ethanol?

Answer 24

potassium dichromate

Question 25

Describe the chemical oxidation of ethanol

Answer 25

add sulphuric acid to ethanol add potassium dichromate heat in water bath (to speed up rate of reaction)

Question 26

What is the colour change involved in the chemical oxidation of ethanol?

Answer 26

orange -> green

Question 27

What is a carboxylic acid?

Answer 27

weak acids will react less violently / quickly than other acids

Question 28

Give examples of carboxylic acids

Answer 28

methanoic acid ethanoic acid propanoic acid butanoic acid

Question 29

What is the structural formula for methanoic acid?

Answer 29

HCOOH

Question 30

What is the structural formula for ethanoic acid?

Answer 30

CH₃COOH

Question 31

What is the structural formula for propanoic acid?

Answer 31

CH₃CH₂COOH

Question 32

What is the structural formula for butanoic acid?

Answer 32

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH

Question 33

ethanoic acid + sodium hydroxide -> ?

Answer 33

water + sodium ethanoate

Question 34

ethanoic acid + sodium oxide -> ?

Answer 34

water + sodium ethanoate

Question 35

ethanoic acid + sodium -> ?

Answer 35

hydrogen + sodium ethanoate

Question 36

ethanoic acid + sodium carbonate -> ?

Answer 36

carbon dioxide + water + sodium ethanoate

Question 37

describe the differences between the reactions of hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid

Answer 37

ethanoic acid produces less vigorous reaction both turn limewater cloudy

Question 38

What is observed when magnesium is placed in propanoic acid?

Answer 38

effervescence Mg dissapears

Question 39

Name the products formed when magnesium is placed in propanoic acid

Answer 39

Magnesium propanoate

Question 40

What is an ester?

Answer 40

family of organic molecules which form when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol join together by losing an H₂O molecule

Question 41

ethanoic acid + ethanol -> ?

Answer 41

ethyl ethanoate + water

Question 42

methanoic acid + propanol -> ?

Answer 42

propyl methanoate + water

Question 43

Carboxylic acid + alcohol -> ?

Answer 43

ester + water alcohol acid e.g. ethyl ethanoate

Question 44

How do you make esters?

Answer 44

mix carboxylic acid and alcohol together add a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid (catalyst) warm gently

Question 45

How do you smell esters?

Answer 45

tip into sodium carbonate solution (neutralises excess acid) cautiously smell smells fruity

Question 46

Working Backwards: Pentyl ethanoate -> ?

Answer 46

ethanoic acid + pentanol

Question 47

What is a polymer?

Answer 47

A long chain molecule made of repeating units

Question 48

What is a monomer?

Answer 48

A small molecule used to make a polymer

Question 49

Name the polymer that has: two C two H Chlorine Fluorine

Answer 49

poly(chlorofluoroethene)

Question 50

Name the polymer that has: two C three H CH₃

Answer 50

poly(propene)

Question 51

What is a polyester?

Answer 51

a polymer made from lots of molecules (monomers) joined together by ester groups

Question 52

What does a polyester produce?

Answer 52

2nH₂O

Question 53

What does biopolyester mean?

Answer 53

biodegradable