Ionic bonding

Question 1

Describe the reaction of Sodium
(alkali metals)

Answer 1

Reacts with O₂ - turns dull quickly
Reacts with H₂O - fizzes, and moves around quickly

Question 2

Describe the reaction of Magnesium

Answer 2

Reacts with O₂ - bright white light, white powder formed
Reacts with H₂O - slow reaction

Question 3

Describe the reaction of Aluminium
(transition metals)

Answer 3

Reacts with pure O₂ - new solid slowly formed

Question 4

Describe the reaction of Silicon

Answer 4

Reacts with pure O₂ when heated with a Mg fuse

Question 5

Describe the reaction of Phosphorous

Answer 5

Reacts with air (not pure O₂) when heated - yellow flame

Question 6

Describe the reaction of Chlorine
(halogens)

Answer 6

Reacts with sodium when warm - bright yellow flame, white solid formed

Question 7

Describe the reaction of Argon
(noble gases)

Answer 7

Unreactive

Question 8

Describe the reactivity of Sodium

Answer 8

more reactive than magnesium

Question 9

Describe the reactivity of Magnesium

Answer 9

Faster reaction when heated

Question 10

Describe the reactivity of Aluminium

Answer 10

Less reactive than magnesium
(pure oxygen used to encourage reaction to speed up)

Question 11

Describe the reactivity of Silicon

Answer 11

Less reactive than magnesium

Question 12

Describe the reactivity of Phosphorous

Answer 12

More reactive than silicon

Question 13

Describe the reactivity of Chlorine

Answer 13

More reactive than sulphur and phosphorous

Question 14

Describe the reactivity of Argon

Answer 14

All noble gases are unreactive

Question 15

What is an ion?

Answer 15

A charged particle (gained or lost electrons) containing a different number of protons and electrons

Question 16

What is an atom?

Answer 16

a neutral particle containing an equal number of protons and electrons

Question 17

What is the name for a metal ion?

Answer 17

____ ion
eg magnesium ion

Question 18

What is the name for a non metal ion?

Answer 18

change to ____ide ion
eg oxide ion

Question 19

What is the carbon ion?

Answer 19

Doesn’t form an ion
semi stable

Question 20

What is oxidation?

Answer 20

gain of oxygen, loss of electrons

Question 21

What is reduction?

Answer 21

loss of oxygen, gain of electrons

Question 22

Is an oxygen atom (O) turning into an oxygen ion (O⁻²) oxidation or reduction?

Answer 22

Reduction as it has gained 2 electrons

Question 23

Is a lithium atom (Li) turning into a lithium ion (Li⁺¹) oxidation or reduction?

Answer 23

oxidation as it has lost 1 electron

Question 24

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 24

A strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 25

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 25

more than one type of ion chemically bonded

Question 26

What structure will ionic compounds form?

Answer 26

giant ionic lattice

Question 27

What group will not form ions?

Answer 27

group 8 as its outer shell is already full

Question 28

Why will a magnesium and oxide ion react?

Answer 28

Oxygen needs to gain 2 electrons to become stable and magnesium needs to loose 2 electrons to become stable. This overall charge 2⁺ 2⁻ is equal. Mg gives 2 electrons to O.

Question 29

What type of melting point do ionic compounds have and why?

Answer 29

high due to strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions that takes lots of energy to overcome

Question 30

Why are ionic compounds brittle?

Answer 30

Force moves ions causing them to repel from each other and break apart

Question 31

What is the conductivity of ionic compounds have and why?

Answer 31

non-conductive when solid as ions are not free to move conductive when molten or in a solution as ions are free to move

Question 32

What is the strength of ionic compounds and why?

Answer 32

Very hard - Strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 33

What is the solubility of ionic compounds and why?

Answer 33

Usually soluble in water - sodium is attracted to oxygen and chlorine attracted to hydrogen, ions attract to water molecules Usually insoluble in organic solvents - ions are not attracted to the organic molecules

Question 34

What forms an ionic compound?

Answer 34

metal + non metal

Question 35

What is the formula for Hydroxide?

Answer 35

OH⁻¹

Question 36

What is the formula for Ammonium?

Answer 36

NH₄⁺¹

Question 37

What is the formula for Nitrate?

Answer 37

NO₃⁻¹

Question 38

What is the formula for Carbonate?

Answer 38

CO₃⁻²

Question 39

What is the formula for Sulphate?

Answer 39

SO₄⁻²

Question 40

What is the formula for Phosphate?

Answer 40

PO₄⁻³

Question 41

What does polyatomic ion mean?

Answer 41

many atoms