organic reaction

Question 1

What are the 4 types of reactions

Answer 1

addition
elimination
substitution
condensation

Question 2

What are the 4 subtypes of add

Answer 2

hydrogenation
hydration
halogenation
hydrohalogenation

Question 3

What is markovnikovs rule

Answer 3

give priority to c that already has a lot of bonds
that would be the major product

Question 4

What happens in hydrogenation

Answer 4

add H2
need Pt
takes out dbl bonds

Question 5

what does hydration do

Answer 5

add h2o
needs H2SO4 and 100C
makes alcohol from dbl bond

Question 6

what does halogenation do

Answer 6

add diatomic halide
F-F
use CCl4
add both to chain from dbl bond

Question 7

what does hydrohalogenation do

Answer 7

add halid+H (F-H)
makes haloalkane

Question 8

How do you test bond num

Answer 8

use bromine
if bromine attaches to molec it will lose distinctive colour
shows that it is alkyne or alkene

Question 9

What to look for in elimination

Answer 9

product has dbl bond or trpl
look for halides and alcs removed
Alcs -> useed heat and acid
halides - > used strong base

Question 10

what happens when eliminatio with alcohol

Answer 10

need H2SO4
makes dbl bond and h2o
must be around 100C or else it could be sub or condense

Question 11

What happens when elim with alkyl halide

Answer 11

use Koh or Naoh
makes dbl bond and halide
similar setup to subtitution with haloalkanes

Question 12

What to look for in substituation reaction

Answer 12

swap of funct group
does not change dbl or trpl bond
halo alkane + base can be sub or elim be careful (it depends on temp)

Question 13

What are the types of substitution react
6 + 3 subtypes

Answer 13

1 alc + hydrohalid
2 haloalkane
3 alkane+halogen
4 haloalkane+ ammonia
5 benzene + halogen/alkylhalide/nitric acid
6 ether + 2binary acids

Question 14

What happens when alc + hydrohalid sub

Answer 14

need ZnCl2 (lucas reagent)
makes water + alkyl halide

Question 15

What is lucas reagent, uses

Answer 15

ZnCl2
tells you if prim or sec alc based off reaction time
tert- cloudy immediatly
sec - cloudy in 5 mins
prim - takes longer than 5 to be cloudy

Question 16

What is haloalkane + base do in sub
(+ how do you know if its elim or sub)

Answer 16

makes alc, halide becomes lone ion
unpredictible and may do elimination

Question 17

what does alkane + halogen do in sub

Answer 17

needs Uv light
can make many prodcts
often uses many moles of halogen
halogen can replace 1-all of the hydrogens around carbon

Question 18

what does haloalkane + ammonia do in sub

Answer 18

need heat and ethanol
makes amine and ammonium halide salt
ammonia replaces halo, makes amine at end
can make prim, sec or tert amines

Question 19

what does benzene + halo do in subs

Answer 19

needs FeBr3 or AlCl3
in diatomic one attaches other doesnt
addition does not happen, no dbl bonds leave

Question 20

what does benzene + alkylhalide do in sub

Answer 20

needs AlCl3
adds chain to ring
halide does not join

Question 21

What does benzene do with nitric acid in sub

Answer 21

needs H2So4
makes nitrobenzene and water
benzene with NO2 branch

Question 22

what does ether do with 2 binary acid in sub

Answer 22

need heat - delta symbol
Products: 2 alkyl halides + water

Question 23

what to look for in condensation reacton+ types (4)

Answer 23

2 molec combine
release water
LOOK FOR: Hydroxyl group from one molecule
and a hydrogen atom from a second molecule
being removed, and water being produced
makes amide bond when carb acid + amine
makes ether bond when alc+alc

amine+carb acid
alc +alc
esterization
benzoic acid + ethanol

Question 24

what does amine +carb acid do in condensation

Answer 24

needs H2SO4 + heat
makes amide and water

Question 25

what does alc+ alc do in condensation +issues

Answer 25

uses H2So4 makes ether + water could also be sub or elim reaction needs to be 140 for condenstion if 100C then elim

Question 26

what is esterificaton

Answer 26

condensation reaction alc + carb acid needs H2SO4 and heat makes ester + H2o

Question 27

what does benzoic acid + ethanol do

Answer 27

condensatio reaction makes theyl benzoate + water

Question 28

What are hydrolysis reactions, what do they need

Answer 28

needs H2SO4 and heat ester +water amide + water

Question 29

What are oxidation reactions, catalyst

Answer 29

some can be classified as elim react product has more bonds with oxygen and less with hydrogen needs KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 or O3 (they will cause colur cahnge ) product diff with diff lvl of alc (prim, tert, sec )

Question 30

what are the types of oxidaton, (4) what do they need,

Answer 30

1 alkenes to alc use KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 makes diol 2 prim alc -> alde 3 alde ->carb acid 4 sec alc -> ketone no reaction for tert alc

Question 31

What is reduction reaction+ catalyst

Answer 31

when product has fewer bonds with ox and more with hydrogen happens alongside oxidation react can be called addition reactions or hydrogenation reactions LiAlH4 , H2, Pt

Question 32

What are the 3 types of reduct react + what do they make

Answer 32

alls need LiAlH4 or H2/Pt alde + H = prim alc ketone + H = sec alc Alkene + H = alkane

Question 33

What are the types of combustion

Answer 33

complete -> excess of O, makes Co2 and water + eng incomplete -> not enough O, often makes CO and C and Co2, water makes oxides

Question 34

Homopolymer vs copolymer

Answer 34

all monomers same type polymer made up of diff monomer

Question 35

How to name polymer

Answer 35

poly+monomer name

Question 36

Diff types of reactions to make polymers and what to look for (2)

Answer 36

addition - monomer has dbl bonds, polymer has single condensation - carb acid + alc/amine (amide or ester bonds)