Organic reactions p2

Question 1

functional group of alkenes

Answer 1

C=C

Question 2

list first 4 alkenes

Answer 2

ethene, propeje, butene, pentene

Question 3

functional group of alcohols

Answer 3

-OH

Question 4

list first 4 alcohols

Answer 4

methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol

Question 5

functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 5

C=O
-OH

Question 6

first 4 carboxylic acids

Answer 6

methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid

Question 7

how are alkenes formed

Answer 7

cracking

Question 8

how are alcohols formed (ethanol)

Answer 8

ethanol- fermentation of yeast -warm mixture ofnyeast and sugar solution
glucose-> ethanol+ CO2

Question 9

how are carboxylic acids formed

Answer 9

oxidation of alcohols

Question 10

3 reactions of alkenes and what they produce

Answer 10

1. addition with halogens
   forms (dibromoethane, dichloropropane)
2. addition with hydrogen
   forms alkane
3. addition with steam
   react with steam at high pressure in presence of catalyst to form alcohols

Question 11

What does it mean to be saturated/unsaturated

Answer 11

unsaturated e.g. alkenes
have double bonds

saturated e.g alkanes
do not have double bonds

Question 12

2 reactions of alcohols and what they produce

Answer 12

1.reaction with sodium
to release hydrogen and an alkoxide

2. oxidation
   alcohol + oxidising agent
   to form carboxylic acids

Question 13

whats an alkoxide

Answer 13

(produced by reacting alcohol with sodium)

if added to water, forms a strongly alkaline solution

Question 14

give an example of an oxidising agent

Answer 14

potassium dichromate

Question 15

2 reactions of carboxylic acids

Answer 15

1. reaction with sodium carbonate
   acids react with bases to form salts
   e.g carboxylic acid +metal carbonate -> metal salt + CO2 + H2O
2. reaction with alcohols
   forms water and esters

Question 16

esters purpose
give the 1 example

Answer 16

have distinctive smells and are used in perfumes and flavourings
ethanol+ethanoic acid -> ethyl ethanoate

Question 17

what happens if you add a carboxylic acid to water

Answer 17

they will partially ionise as they are weak acids