Organics Flashcards
For naming compounds, drawing compounds + isomers do pp questions (35 cards)
Describe free rider
Kavithan Logeswaran 4SMW
Define Hydrocarbon
A compound only made from hydrogen and carbon atoms
Define empirical formula + What is the empirical formula of
C3H6
The simplest whole number ratio
CH2
What is the General formula for an Alkane and Alkene
Alkane: CnH2n+2
Alkene: CnH2n
What does the displayed formula show?
-> All the chemical bonds between each atom and what type of chemical bonds are between each atom
What is a Homologous series
A series of organic compounds that have:
-> Similar Chemical Properties
-> Same functional Group
-> Same general formula
-> If it is an alkene: each successive/ neighbouring member of the series will differ by CH2
Define isomers
-Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula
How do you name the compounds depending on the number of carbon atoms they have?
Name Carbon Atoms
Meth 1
Eth 2
Prop 3
But 4
Pent 5
What is an addition reaction?
-> Give an example + Colour change
-> Only alkenes undergo addition reactions
-> 2 or more molecules combine to form large molecule with no other products
-> Orange/brown to colourless
C2H4 + Br2 —-> C2H4Br2
What is a substitution reaction?
-> Give an example
-> A reaction where one atom replaces another
-> Alkanes
-> CH4 + Br2 -> CH3Br + HBr
Explain what a complete combustion reaction is and what its effect is.
-> Give an example with methane
-> Complete combustion is where there is an excess of oxygen
-carbon dioxide and water is produced
-> Releases CO2 - Air pollution - promotes global warming
-> CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O
->Incomplete releases soot and carbon monoxide
The rest is easy, just balance
Oxygen is diatomic. ->02
Explain Incomplete combustion and effects
-> Organic substance reacts with oxygen to form carbon MONoxide and water
-> Carbon monoxide binds onto haemoglobin in bloodstream
Why are alkanes staurated
-> They do not contain a C=C double bond.
-> ts is because each carbon has formed the max. of 4 single bonds.
what type of reaction is alkanes reacting with UV radiation?
-A substitution reaction
-these reactions only take place in the presence of halogens and UV
Why are alkenes unsaturated?
-> Alkenes have C=C double bonds.
what type?
Reaction of alkenes with bromine water.
-> Addition reaction
How is bromine water used to distinguish between alkanes and alkenes?
-> Bromine water is orange solution when added to alkane
-> Bromine water turns orange –> colourless when in the presence of an alkene
What is crude oil?
-> A complex mixture of hydrocarbons
-> Explain the process of fractional distillation
-Crude oil is heated until point of vaporisation
-The vapour will rise in the fractionating column
-Vapours with low boiling points will condense at the top
-Vapours with high boiling points will condense at the bottom
Usage of Refinery gas
-> Used for Bottled gas
really good kangaroos dance funky ballet
Order the main fractions from lowest to highest BPs.
-Refinery Gases
-Gasoline
-Kerosene
-Diesel
-Fuel Oil
-Bitumen
Use of Gasoline
-> Fuel for Cards
Use for Kerosene
-> Aircraft fuel
