How do you test for sulphate
-add dilute hydrochloric acid and then barium chloride solution to the sample.
-A white precipitate of barium sulfate will form if sulfate ions are present.
How do you test for carbonate
Add Hydrochloric acid
Cloudy and bubbles in limewater
How do you test for ammonium
-Add sodium hydroxide solution
-if ammonium ions are presnt Ammonia gas will form
-Turns red litmus paper blue
How do you test for Halide: chloride, bromide, iodide
Add nitric acid and silver nitrate
Chlorine ion:
White precipitate
Bromine ion:
Cream precipitate
Iodine ion:
Yellow precipitate
How do test for metal ions: Sodium, calcium, lithium, copper, potassium
Flame test
Na+: Yellow
Ca2+: brick-red
Li+: Red
Cu2+: Blue
K+: Lilac
How do you test for iron2+ or iron3+ or copper2+
Add sodium hydroxide solution
Fe2+: Green
Fe3+: Brown
Cu2+: Blue
How to test for oxygen
Relight glowing split
How to test for chlorine
Blue litmus paper into red
and then white
Why do you need to acidify the anion test first
To remove any impurity (carbonate)
