organisation Flashcards
(36 cards)
what is an organ?
a group of different tissues which work together to form a common function
what is the name of the part of the enzyme which binds to the substrate?
the active site
what is the optimum temp for enzymes?
37 degrees
how does high temperature begin to denature enzymes?
as the shape of their active site will change due to bonds being broken, meaning it will no longer be complimentary to the substrates
what is the role of lipids?
provide insulation for the body
provide energy for chemical reactions
what is haemoglobin?
where can we get this from in our diet?
the protein in red blood cells which helps them transport oxygen around the body
iron
where are lipids broken down?
small intestine
where are proteins broken down?
stomach
small intestine
where are carbohydrates broken down?
mouth
small intestine
what enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
where is it made?
amylase
salivary glands, small intestine, pancreas
into amino acids
what enzyme breaks down protein?
where is it made?
protease
stomach, small intestine, pancreas
into glycerol and fatty acids
what enzyme breaks down lipids?
where is it made?
lipase
pancreas, small intestine
what is pepsin?
an enzyme in the stomach which helps break down protein
what are the 2 main roles of bile?
neutralises acid from the stomach
emulsifies fat
what are the 2 main roles of the digestive system?
digestion- breaking down of large food molecules into smaller ones
absoprtion- absorbing small food molecules into the body
what is the test for:
sugars
proteins
starch
lipids
benedicts test
biuret test
iodine test
sudan 3 test
during the benedicts test, if sugars are present, what is the colour change?
from blue to:
green
yellow
brick red
in the iodine test, if starch is present what will the colour change be?
browny orange to bluey black
in the biuret test, if proteins are present what will the colour change be?
blue to pinky purple
what are the 4 components of blood?
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma
what are the 3 functions of white blood cells?
- phagocytosis
- produce antibodies
- produce anti-toxins
what is the role of platelets?
clot wounds, stopping bleeding
what is the role of plasma?
- makes the blood liquidy, allowing it to flow
- carries nutrients as well as waste products
How are red blood cells adapted for their function?
- bioconcave shape to increase SA
- no nucleus to fit more haemoglobin
