organisation Flashcards
(15 cards)
explain how amylase breaks down starch in terms of lock and key theory
- substrate binds to active site
- as shape of active site and substrate are complementary
- a chemical reaction occurs to produce smaller molecules
what happens to cells when a tumour forms?
they divide uncontrollably
how does a lack of red blood cells cause tiredness?
- less haemoglobin
- so less oxygen
- so less aerobic respiration
- so more anaerobic respiration
- less energy released for metabolic processes
- lactic acid produced causes muscle fatigue
why would a tumour blocking gallbladder tube to small intestine cause difficulty digesting fats?
- less bile reaches small intestine
- so less emulsification of fats
- so smaller surface area for lipase to break down fat
- pH of small intestine is not neutralised
- so lipase not at optimum pH to break down fats
explain how mAbs are used to treat cancer cells
- mAbs attached to radioactive substance / drug
- only attach to cancer cells
- so radioactive substance / drug stops them dividing
effect of fat on body
- can cause CHD / heart attack
- may lead to needing a stent
- may lead to obesity
- obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes
consequences of damage to roots
- less absorption of water
- less absorption of ions
- damage to phloem
- damage to xylem
explain why a denatured enzyme no longer cuntions
- active site changes shape
- meaning substrate is no longer complementary
compare the ways plants and animals store and use glucose
similarities:
- both use in respiration which releases energy
- both break down stores to release glucose when needed
- both store excess glucose as fats and lipids
differences:
- stored as starch v glycogen
- used to make cellulose for cell walls v don’t have them
- combine glucose with nitrate ions to make amino acids v don’t
explain how two layers of cells help pondweed to exchange gases
- means leaves are thin
- so short diffusion distance to increase rate
explain why the human circulatory system is known as a double circulatory system
- blood circulates once to the lungs and then once to around the body
function of plasma
- transports nutrients, hormones and waste
phloem direction
leaves to other parts of plants
chamber with highest pressure
left ventricle
explain two lifestyle factors that increase risk of CHD
- diet high in saturated fats, increase cholesterol levels
- smoking damages blood vessels and increase blood pressure
