Organisation Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to perform a function.
What is the function of the digestive system?
To break down and absorb nutrients from food.
What is the function of enzymes?
To speed up chemical reactions in the body.
What type of molecule are enzymes?
Proteins.
What is the active site of an enzyme?
The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds.
What is the ‘lock and key’ model?
A model explaining how a specific substrate fits into the enzyme’s active site.
What factors affect enzyme activity?
Temperature and pH.
What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?
They denature and stop working.
What does denature mean?
The enzyme’s shape changes, so the substrate no longer fits.
What is amylase?
An enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars.
Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands, pancreas, and small intestine.
What is protease?
An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.
Where is protease produced?
Stomach, pancreas, and small intestine.
What is lipase?
An enzyme that breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.
Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas and small intestine.
What is bile?
An alkaline substance made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder.
What does bile do?
Emulsifies fats and neutralises stomach acid.
Why is bile important?
It increases the surface area of fats for lipase to work on.
What are the main parts of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
What are arteries?
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
What are veins?
Blood vessels that carry blood to the heart.
What are capillaries?
Small blood vessels where exchange of substances occurs.
What is the function of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen using haemoglobin.
What is the function of white blood cells?
To fight infection.
