Organization and Function of the Nervous System

Question 1

Role of Nervous System

Answer 1

1. Detects environmental changes
2. Responds to such events

Question 1

Definition of nervous system in animals?

Answer 1

In animals, coordinates actions by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

Question 2

Two main parts of Nervous System?

Answer 2

1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

What are the two parts of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 3

1. Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
2. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 4

What are the two parts of the Somatic Nervous System?

Answer 4

1. Cranial Nerves
2. Spinal Nerves

Question 5

What are the two parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 5

1. Sympathetic Division (Arousal)
2. Parasympathetic (Calming)

Question 6

How many pairs of Cranial Nerves?

Answer 6

Twelve pairs.

Question 7

What do cranial nerves control?

Answer 7

1. Afferent functions
2. Efferent functions
3. Both

Question 8

What are Afferent functions?

Answer 8

Incoming sensations to the brain.

Question 9

What are Efferent functions?

Answer 9

Outgoing sensations from the brain.

Question 10

What do cranial nerves connect?

Answer 10

Connects the brain to internal organs.

Question 11

What do cranial nerves do?

Answer 11

Regulates autonomic responses.

Question 12

What do spinal nerves primarily control?

Answer 12

Control and carry information about the body, trunk & limbs.

Question 13

Like the CNS, the SNS is?

Answer 13

Bilaterally symmetrical (mirror).

Question 14

What are the afferent nerves of spinal cord?

Answer 14

Dorsal fibers.

Question 15

What are the efferent nerves of the spinal cord?

Answer 15

Ventral fibers.

Question 16

What is a root?

Answer 16

Collection of fibers entering/exiting spinal cord segment.

Question 17

What is the Law of Bell & Magendie?

Answer 17

The dorsal spinal cord is sensory & ventral side is motor.

Question 18

What region does the sympathetic nervous system connect to?

Answer 18

Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord regions.

Question 19

What region does the parasympathetic nervous system connect to?

Answer 19

Cranial nerves 3, 7, and 10 and to the sacral region.

Question 20

What are vertebrae?

Answer 20

Segments of the spinal cord.

Question 21

How many anatomical regions are vertebrae divided into?

Answer 21

5-From top to bottom: cranial, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral.

Question 22

What are dermatomes?

Answer 22

Areas of skin on your body that rely on specific nerve connections on your spine (Each dermatome contains sensory nerve & motor nerves)

Question 23

What are the vertebrae sections numbered?

Answer 23

Cervical (C1 to C8)
Thoracic (T1 to T12)
Lumbar (L1 to L5)
Sacral (S1 to S5)

Question 24

Can the spinal cord act without the brain? If so how?

Answer 24

Yes: 1. Spinal reflexes 2. Automatic movements are hard for the brain to inhibit

Question 25

What is meninges?

Answer 25

The security of the brain (protection).

Question 26

What are the 3 meninges?

Answer 26

1. Dura Mater 2. Arachnoid Layer 3. Pia Mater

Question 27

What is dura mater?

Answer 27

It is the outer layer that is tough and double-layered fibrous tissue. It covers the brain and spinal cord similar to a helmet.

Question 28

What is the arachnoid layer?

Answer 28

A thin sheet of delicate connective tissue. It follows the brain's contour.

Question 29

What is pia mater?

Answer 29

A moderately tough membrane of connective tissue. It clings to the brain's surface.

Question 30

What is meningitis?

Answer 30

Inflammation of the meninges.

Question 31

How does meningitis work?

Answer 31

Bacterial infection, specifically of the pia mater and arachnoid space. Cerebral spinal fluid is also involved.

Question 32

What does meningitis cause?

Answer 32

Intracranial pressure (ICP).

Question 33

What is intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Answer 33

Inflammation puts pressure on the brain; and leads to drowsiness, delirium, or coma.

Question 34

What part are fiber nerves in?

Answer 34

Peripheral nervous system.

Question 35

Are cranial and spinal nerves functionally equivalent?

Answer 35

Yes, but they control different things.