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Medical Terminology - A Short Course: 8th Edition Davi-Ellen Chabner > Organization Of The Body: Chapter Two > Flashcards

Organization Of The Body: Chapter Two Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells grouped together are called

A

Tissues
Ex: groups of muscle cells are muscle tissues

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2
Q

All parts of the body are composed of individual units called

A

Cells

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3
Q

Muscle, nerve, epithelial (skin, and lining of internal organs and cavaties), and bone are examples of

A

Cells

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4
Q

Collections of different tissues working together are

A

Organs

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5
Q

Groups of organs working together are called the

A

Systems of the body

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6
Q

How many systems are there in the body?

A

10/11 Systems

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7
Q

The system that transports blood through the body and includes: heart, blood, blood vessels such as arteries, veins, and capillaries is called the

A

Circulatory System

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8
Q

The system that transports lymph, which contains Lymphocytes that fight against disease and include lymph vessels and lymph nodes is called the

A

Lymphatic System

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9
Q

The system that brings food into the body and breaks it down so that it can enter the bloodstream and includes the mouth, stomach, and intestines is called the

A

Digestive System

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10
Q

The system that is composed of glands that send messages called hormones into the blood and includes thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands is called the

A

Endocrine System

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11
Q

The system that produces the cells that join to from the embryo is called the

A

Female and Male Reproductive Systems
female: eggs, ovaries, uterus
male: testes, sperm

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12
Q

The system that supports the body and allows it to move is called the
Includes: muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissue such as cartilage.

A

Musculoskeletal System

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13
Q

The system that carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord is called the

A

Nervous System

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14
Q

The system that controls breathing and includes the trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs is called the

A

Respiratory System

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15
Q

The system that receivers messages from the environment and sends them to the brain and includes the skin, eyes, and ears is called the

A

Skin and Sense Organ Systems (Integumentary)

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16
Q

The system that produces urine and sends it out of the body through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, ad urethra is called the

A

Urinary System

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17
Q

What is a body cavity?

A

A space that contains organs

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18
Q

The cavity that is located in the head and surrounded by the skull and contains the brain is called the

A

Cranial Cavity

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19
Q

The cavity that is also known as the chest cavity that is surrounded by the breastbone and ribs is called the
Includes: lungs, heart, windpipe, and bronchial tubes.

A

Thoracic Cavity

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20
Q

The root word CRANI- means

A

Skull

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21
Q

The root word THORAC- means

A

Chest

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22
Q

The lungs are each surrounded by a double membrane known as the

A

Pleura

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23
Q

The space between the pleura membranes is the

A

Pleural cavity

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24
Q

The large area between the lungs that contain the heart, esophagus, trachea, and bronchial tubes is called the

A

Mediastinum

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25
The space below the thoracic cavity is called the Includes: stomach, liver, gallbladder, and small and large intestines.
Abdominal Cavity
26
What is the muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities?
The diaphragm
27
The organs in the abdomen are covered by a double membrane called the
Peritoneum
28
What does the peritoneum do?
Attaches the abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place
29
What area/cavity are the kidneys located?
The Retroperitoneal area/cavity
30
Where is the pelvic cavity?
Below the abdominal cavity
31
What is the pelvic cavity surrounded by?
The pelvis (bones of the hip)
32
The spinal columns are the
Backbones
33
The nervous tissue within the spinal cavity is the
Spinal cord
34
What enters and leaves the spinal cord and carries messages to and from all parts of the body?
Nerves
35
A long row of bones from the neck to the tailbone is the
Spinal column
36
Each bone in the spinal column is called a
Vertebra (backbone) Two or more: Vertebrae
37
A piece of connective tissue that lies between each backbone is called a
Disk (or disc)
38
A Disk (disc) is composed of
Cartilage
39
How many divisions of the back are there?
5
40
How many bones make up the Cervical (neck) region?
7 bones Abbreviation C1-C7
41
How many bones make up the Thoracic (chest) region?
12 bones Abbreviation T1-T12
42
How many bones make up the Lumbar (loin and waist) region?
5 bones Abbreviation L1-L5
43
How many bones make up the Sacral (sacrum and lower back) region?
5 fused bones Abbreviation S1-S5
44
How many bones make up the Coccygeal (coccyx or tailbone) region?
4 fused bones
45
A vertical plane that divides the body or body part, such as an organ, into front and back portions is the
Frontal (coronal) plane
46
Anatomically, the ___ means the front portion.
Anterior
47
Anatomically, the ___ means the back portion.
Posterior
48
A vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and lefts sides is the
Sagittal (lateral) plane
49
A vertical plane that divides the body vertically into right and left halves is the
Midsagittal plane
50
A horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into upper and lower portions, as in a cross section is called
Transverse (axial) plane
51
What does MRI stand for?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
52
With MRI, what is used to create the images?
Magnetic waves
53
The combining form ABDOMIN/O means
Abdomen
54
The term ABDOMINAL means
Pertaining to the abdomen
55
The combing form ANTER/O means
Front
56
The suffix -IOR means
Pertaining to
57
The term ANTERIOR means
Pertaining to the front
58
The combing form BRONCH/O means
Bronchial tubes (leading from the windpipe to the lungs)
59
The term BRONCHOSCOPY means
Visual examination of bronchial tubes
60
The position/direction that is described as: front side
Anterior
61
The position/direction that is described as: back side
Posterior
62
The position/direction that is described as: below
Inferior
63
The position/direction that is described as: Above
Superior
64
The position/direction that is described as: Side
Lateral
65
The position/direction that is described as: Middle
Medial
66
The position/direction that is described as: Far
Distal
67
The position/direction that is described as: Near
Proximal
68
The position/direction that is described as: Away from the surface
Deep
69
The position/direction that is described as: On the surface
Superficial
70
The position/direction that is described as: Facing up
Supine
71
The position/direction that is described as: Facing Down
Prone
72
The combining form CERVIC/O means
Neck of the body or neck (cervix) of the uterus
73
The combining form CHONDR/O means
Cartilage (connective tissues attached to bones)
74
The term Chrondroma means
(Benign) Tumor of cartilage
75
The term Chondrosarcoma means
Malignant tumor of cartilage
76
The combining form COCCYG/O means
Coccyx, tailbone
77
The suffix -EAL means
Pertaining to
78
The term Coccygeal means
Pertaining to the coccyx/tailbone
79
The combining form CRANI/O means
Skull
80
The term Craniotomy means
Incision of the skull
81
The combining form EPITHELI/O means
Skin, surface tissue
82
THELI/O actually means
Nipple
83
EPI- means
Upon
84
The combining form ESOPHAG/O means
Esophagus (tube from the throat to the stomach
85
The combining form HEPAT/O means
Liver
86
The combining form LAPAR/O means
Abdomen
87
The combining form LARYNG/O means
Larynx (voice box)
88
The combining form LATER/O means
Side
89
The suffix -AR means
Pertaining to
90
The combining form LUMB/O means
Loin (waist)
91
The placement of a needle within the membrane in the lumbar region of the spinal cord to inject or withdraw fluid is a
Lumbar puncture (“spinal tap”)
92
The combining form LYMPH/O means
Lymph (clear fluid in the tissue spaces and lymph vessels)
93
One type of lymphocyte (B cell) that produces disease-fighting proteins are called
Antibodies
94
The combining form MEDIASTIN/O means
Mediastinum (space between the lungs)
95
The combining form PELV/O means
Pelvis (bones of the hip)
96
The combining form PERITONE/O means
Peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal organs)
97
The fluid that accumulates in the peritoneal cavity that can be due to conditions such as liver disease is called
Ascites
98
The combining form PHARYNG/O means
Pharynx (throat)
99
The combining form PLEUR/O means
Pleura
100
The flap of cartilage in the throat is called the
Epiglottis
101
The combining form POSTER/O means
Back, behind
102
The combining form RADI/O means
X-rays
103
The term radiology means
The study of x-rays
104
The combining form SACR/O means
Sacrum (five fused bones in the lower back)
105
The combining form SPIN/O means
Spine (backbone)
106
The combining form THORAC/O means
Chest
107
The term Thoracotomy means
Incision of the chest
108
The combining form TRACHE/O means
Trachea (windpipe)
109
The combining form VERTEBR/O means
Vertebra (backbone)

Medical Terminology - A Short Course: 8th Edition Davi-Ellen Chabner (8 decks)

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