Basic Word Structure: Chapter One Flashcards

(179 cards)

1
Q

When you analyze a a medical term, begin at the ___ of the word.

A

end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The ending of a term is called a

A

Suffix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

All medical terms contain..

A

Suffixes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The suffix in HEMATOLOGY is

A

-LOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The meaning of the suffix -LOGY is

A

Study of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The meaning of the root word HEMAT- is

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

After you analyze the end of the medical term, look at the

A

Beginning of the term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The root gives the ____ ____ of the term.

A

Essential meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The important connector between the root and the suffix is called a..
Hint: the letter has no meaning of its own.

A

Combing vowel
Ex: /o/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HEMATOLOGY means

A

Study of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM is often abbreviated as

A

ECG ( or sometimes EKG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many root words does ELECTROCARDIOGRAM have

A

2 root words:
ELECTR-
CARDI-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The suffix -GRAM means

A

Record

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The root ELECTR- means

A

Electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The root word CARDI- means

A

Heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What order do you read the meaning of medical terms?

A
  1. The suffix
  2. Back to the beginning of the term
  3. And then across
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM means

A

Record of the electricity in the heart
(It is the electrical current flowing within the heart that causes the heart muscle to contact, pumping blood throughout the body.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The sound made by the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle is called

A

The heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The combining vowel plus the root is called a

A

A combining form
Ex: ELECTR/O and CARDI/O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The two combining forms in the term GASTROENTEROLOGY are

A

GASTR/O and ENTER/O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GASTROENTEROLOGY means

A

The study of the stomach and the intestines.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

GASTR- means

A

Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ENTER- means

A

Intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

GASTROSCOPE means

A

Instrument to visually examine the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
The suffix -SCOPE means
Instrument to visually examine
26
The suffix -IC means
Pertaining to
27
GASTRIC means
Pertains to the stomach
28
The combing vowel (O) is dropped when the suffix begins with a…
Vowel Ex: (-IC)
29
Words ending in -IC are ____ that modify a ___.
Adjectives Noun Ex: gastric pain, gastric cancer
30
CARDI/AC means
Pertaining to the heart
31
The suffix -AC means
Pertaining to
32
Why is the combing vowel (O) dropped in the term CARDIAC?
Because the suffix (-AC) begins with a vowel.
33
The suffix -ITIS means
Inflammation
34
ENTERITIS means
Inflammation of the intestines
35
GASTROENTERITIS means
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines
36
What is the small word part attached/added to the beginning of the term
Prefix
37
The prefix SUB- means
Below
38
SUB/gastr/ic means
Pertaining to below the stomach
39
The prefix TRANS- means
Across
40
TRANS/gastr/ic means
Pertaining to across the stomach
41
The prefix RETRO- means
Behind
42
RETRO/gastr/ic means
Pertaining to behind the stomach
43
ADEN/OMA means
tumor/mass in the gland
44
ADEN/ITIS means
inflammation in the gland
45
ARTHR/ITIS means
inflammation in the joint
46
BI/O/LOGY means
the study of life
47
CARCIN/OMA means
tumor/mass that is cancerous
48
CARDI/O/LOGY means
study of the heart
49
CEPHAL/IC means
pertaining to the head
50
CEREBR/AL means
pertaining to the cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
51
The suffix -AL means
Pertaining to
52
How many functions does the cerebrum have?
Ten - Reading - Vision - Hearing - Writing - Sensations from body - Movement - Eye Movement - Thought Process -Smell - Speech
53
CERE/O/VASCULAR accident (CVA) means
An accident pertaining to blood vessels in the cerebrum (stroke)
54
The root word CERE- means
Cerebrum
55
The word VASCULAR means
Pertaining to blood vessels
56
What happens in a stroke?
- blood is prevented from reaching areas of the cerebrum - brain cells die
57
Depending on the location and extent of reduced blood flow during a stroke, the 4 signs and symptoms may include
- loss of movement (paralysis), - loss of speech (aphasia), - weakness, - changes in sensation
58
The root word CYST- means
Urinary bladder
59
The word CYST/O/SCOPE means
Instrument to visually examine the urinary bladder
60
In the male urinary tract, the prostrate gland lies ____ the urinary bladder.
Below
61
What does the prostrate gland do?
secretes fluid that combines with sperm to form semen.
62
Semen leaves the body through the ___ during ejaculation.
Urethra
63
The root word CYT- means
Cell
64
The word CYT/O/LOGY means
Study of a cell
65
The root word DERM- means
Skin
66
The root word DERMAT- means
Skin
67
The word DERM/AL means
Pertaining to the skin
68
The word DERMAT/ITIS means
Inflammation of the skin
69
The root word ENCEPHAL- means
Brain
70
The word ENTER/ITIS means
Inflammation in the intestines (often the small intestine)
71
COL/O and COLON/O are combing forms for the
Large intestine (colon)
72
What is the ELECTR/O/ENCEPHAL/O/GRAM helpful in determining
Whether a patient has a seizure disorder, such as epilepsy.
73
The root word ERYTHR- means
Red
74
The word ERYTHR/O/CYTE means
Blood cell that is red
75
The three major types of blood cells are
Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes/Platelets
76
What does the blood cell ERYTHROCYTES do?
Carry oxygen
77
What do the blood cells LEUKOCYTES do?
Fight disease
78
The suffix -SCOPY means
PROCESS of visual examination using an instrument
79
The word GASTR/O/SCOPY means
A process of visual examination using an instrument in the stomach
80
The prefix DIA- means
Complete
81
The root word -GNOS- means
Knowledge
82
The suffix -SIS means
State of
83
The word DIA/GNOS/IS means
(State of) complete knowledge (that is gained after testing and examining the patient) OR determination of the nature and cause of disease
84
The plural of diagnosis is
Diagnoses
85
The prefix PRO- means
Before
86
The word PRO/GNOS/IS means
A prediction (before knowledge) that is made after the diagnosis. It forecasts the outcome of treatment based on the diagnosis.
87
FORMATION OF PLURALS Words ending in A ____ the a and add ___.
Retain -e Ex: Singular, Plural vertebra, vertebrae bursa, bursae
88
What is the singular term meaning of vertebra?
Backbone
89
What is the singular term meaning of bursa?
Sac of liquid near a joint
90
FORMATION OF PLURALS Words ending in IS ___ the is and add ___.
Drop -es Ex: Singular, Plural diagnosis, diagnoses psychosis, psychoses
91
What is the singular term meaning of psychosis?
Abnormal condition of the mind
92
FORMATION OF PLURALS Words ending in EX or IX ____ the ex/ix and add ____.
Drop -ices Ex: Singular, Plural Apex, apices Cortex, cortices Varix, varices
93
What is the singular term meaning of apex?
Pointed end of an organ
94
What is the singular term meaning of cortex?
Outer part of an organ
95
What is the singular term meaning of varix?
Enlarged, swollen vein
96
FORMATION OF PLURALS Words ending in ON ____ the on and add ___.
Drop -a Ex: Singular, Plural Ganglion, ganglia
97
What is the singular term meaning of ganglion?
Group of nerve cells; benign cyst near a joint (such as wrist).
98
FORMATION OF PLURALS Words ending in UM ___ the um and add ___.
Drop -a Ex: Singular, Plural Bacterium, bacteria Ovum, ova
99
What is the singular term meaning of bacterium?
Type of one-celled organism
100
What is the singular term meaning of ovum?
Egg cell
101
FORMATION OF PLURALS Words ending in US ____ the us and add ___*.
Drop -i (*exceptions to this rule are viruses and sinuses) Ex: Singular, Plural Bronchus, bronchi Calculus, calculi
102
What is the singular term meaning of bronchus?
Tube leading from the windpipe to the lungs
103
What is the singular term meaning of calculus?
Stone
104
The root word GYNEC- means
Woman, female
105
The word GYNEC/O/LOGY means
The study of female/ woman disorders
106
The suffix -GLOBIN means
Protein
107
The word HEM/O/GLOBIN means
Protein in red blood cells (erythrocytes) that helps carry oxygen in the blood.
108
The word HEMAT/OMA means
Mass/swelling containing blood
109
What does a Gynecologist do?
Specializes in diseases of the female reproductive organs.
110
What is SUB/UNGU/AL Hematoma
Blood pertaining to below the nail caused by trauma
111
The root word LAPAR- means
Abdomen (area between the chest and hips)
112
The suffix -TOMY means
Cutting into (incision)
113
The word LAPAR/O/TOMY means
Cutting into (incision) the abdomen
114
What does the surgeon do in an exploratory laparotomy?
They make a large incision in the abdominal wall to inspect organs for evidence of disease.
115
What is a LAPAROSCOPY ?
The process of visual examination of the abdomen using an instrument, using several small incisions for a LAPAROSCOPE.
116
What does the root word LEUK- mean?
White
117
The GREEK root word NEPHR- means
Kidney
118
The suffix -ECTOMY means
Cutting out (removal)- an excision or resection of an organ or other part of the body
119
The word NEPHR/ECTOMY means
Removal (cutting out) of the kidney.
120
The root word NEUR- means
Nerve
121
The word NEUR/O/LOGY means
The study of nerves ( disorders and nervous system)
122
The root word ONC- means
Cancerous tumor
123
The word ONCOLOGIST means
A specialist that studies cancerous tumors
124
The root word OPHTHALM- means
Eye
125
The word OPHTHALM/O/SCOPE is
An instrument to visually examine the eye ( both outer and inner areas )
126
The root word OSTE- means
Bone
127
The word OSTE/O/ARTHR/ITIS means
Inflammation of the bones and joints (Disease of older people; degenerative changes with the thinking and loss of cartilage. Inflammation of the joint membrane occurs late in the disease)
128
The root word PATH/ means
Disease
129
The word PATH/O/LOGIST
A doctor who specializes in viewing samples/diseases to make a diagnosis and examines dead bodies (in an autopsy) to determine the cause of death.
130
The root word AUT- means
Self
131
The word AUT/OPSY means
The process of viewing for yourSELF (own eyes) what caused a patients death
132
The root word PSYCH- means
Mind
133
The suffix -OSIS means
Abnormal condition
134
The word PSYCH/OSIS means
The abnormal condition of the mind
135
The LATIN root word REN- means
Kidney
136
The word REN/AL means
Pertaining to the kidney
137
Th root word RHIN- means
Nose
138
The word RHIN/ITIS means
Inflammation of the nose
139
The root word SARC- means
Flesh
140
The word SARC/OMA means
Cancerous tumor that grows from the flesh
141
The root word THROMB- means
Clotting
142
A THROMBUS is
A blood clot
143
The word THROMB/O/SIS means
The state/condition of forming a blood clot (clotting)
144
The suffix -ALGIA means
Condition of pain
145
The suffix -emia means
Blood condition
146
The suffix -ia means
Condition
147
The root word HYPHER- means
Excessive
148
The suffix -ism means
Condition, process
149
The word HYPHER/THYROID/ISM means
The condition of excessive activity in the thyroid gland
150
The word LEUK/O/CYT/OSIS means
The abnormal condition (increase) of white blood cells. It is a response to infection
151
The root word RHEUMAT- means
Flow or watery discharge of the joints
152
The word RHEUMAT/O/LOGY means
The study of joint diseases
153
The root word UR- means
Urinary tract
154
The prefix a-, an- means
No, not (decrease)
155
The word AN/EMIA means
A blood condition with a decrease in numbers of red blood cells or hemoglobin
156
What is the difference between the root OPS- and the suffix -OPSY?
OPS- = viewing -OPSY = the process of viewing
157
The suffix -METER means
Measurement
158
The prefix DYS- means
Bad, painful, difficult, abnormal
159
The suffix -Y means
Condition or process
160
The word DYS/ENTER/Y means
The condition of painful intestines
161
The prefix ENDO- means
Within
162
The root CRIN- means
To secrete
163
What do ENDO/CRINE glands do?
Secrete hormones within the body and into the bloodstream
164
The prefix EXO- means
Outside
165
What does the suffix -UM indicate?
a structure
166
The ENDO/CARDI/UM is
The inner lining (structure) within the heart
167
The root word GLYC- means
Sugar
168
The word Mellitus means
Sweet
169
The prefix HYPER- means
Excessive, too much, more than normal
170
The prefix HYPO- means
Below, less than normal, under
171
The prefix PERI- means
Surrounding
172
The word PERI/CARDI/UM means
Membrane (structure) surrounding the heart
173
The suffix -STATE means
Stands
174
The prefix RE- means
Back
175
The word RETRO/GASTR/IC means
Pertaining to behind the stomach
176
The suffix -SECTION means
Cutting into an organ
177
The word RESECTION means
Removing some or all of an organ (cutting out)
178
The word TRANSURETHRAL means
Pertaining to across the urethra
179
The root word HEPAT- means
Liver