organs and structures (12, 13, 14)

Question 1

eye

Answer 1

organ of vision

Question 2

sclera

Answer 2

outer protective layer of the eye

Question 3

cornea

Answer 3

transparent anterior part of the sclera

Question 4

choroid

Answer 4

middle layer of the eye

Question 5

iris

Answer 5

pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light entering the eye by controlling the size of the pupil

Question 6

pupil

Answer 6

opening in the center of the iris

Question 7

lens

Answer 7

lies directly behind the pupil function is to focus and bend light

Question 8

retina

Answer 8

innermost layer of the eye, contains vision receptors

Question 9

aqueous humor

Answer 9

watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye

Question 10

vitreous humor

Answer 10

jellylike substance found behind he lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

Question 11

meibomian glands

Answer 11

oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye

Question 12

lacrimal apparatus

Answer 12

network of glands, ducts, canals, and sacs that produce and drain tears

Question 13

optic nerve

Answer 13

carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain

Question 14

conjunctiva

Answer 14

mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera

Question 15

ear

Answer 15

organ of hearing and balance

Question 16

external ear

Answer 16

consists of the auricle and external auditory canal (meatus)

Question 17

auricle

Answer 17

external, visible part of the ear located on both sides of the head; directs sound waves into the external auditory canal

Question 18

external auditory canal

Answer 18

short tube that ends at the tympanic membrane

Question 19

middle ear

Answer 19

consists of the tympanic membrane and the tympanic cavity containing the ossicles

Question 20

tympanic membrane

Answer 20

semitransparent membrane that separates the external auditory canal and the middle ear cavity
aka eardrum

Question 21

ossicles

Answer 21

bones of the middle ear that carry sound vibrations

Question 22

eustachian tube

Answer 22

passage between the middle ear and the pharynx; equalizes air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

Question 23

inner ear

Answer 23

consists of the labyrinth and connectors of the vestibular and the cochlear nerves

Question 24

labyrinth

Answer 24

bony spaces within the temporal bone of the skull made up of three distinct parts, the cochlea, the semicircular canals, and the vestibule

Question 25

cochlea

Answer 25

coiled portion of the inner ear containing the sensory organ of hearing

Question 26

semicircular canals and vestibule

Answer 26

sensory organs of balance

Question 27

mastoid bone

Answer 27

portion of the temporal bone of the skull posterior and inferior to each auditory canal; contains mastoid air cells that drain into the middle ear cavity behind the external auditory canal

Question 28

periosteum

Answer 28

outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue

Question 29

compact bone

Answer 29

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that li underneath the periosteum

Question 30

cancellous bone

Answer 30

contains little spaces like a sponge and is encased in the layers of compact bone aka spongy bone

Question 31

endosteum

Answer 31

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

Question 32

diaphysis

Answer 32

shaft of the long bones

Question 33

epiphysis

Answer 33

end of each long bone

Question 34

bone marrow

Answer 34

material found in the cavities of bones

Question 35

red marrow

Answer 35

thick, bloodlike material found in flat bones and the ends of long bones; location of blood cell formation

Question 36

yellow marrow

Answer 36

soft, fatty material found in the medullary cavity of long bones

Question 37

maxilla

Answer 37

upper jawbone

Question 38

mandible

Answer 38

lower jawbone

Question 39

vertebral column

Answer 39

made up of bones called vertebrae or vertebra through which the spinal cord runs

Question 40

cervical vertebrae (C1 - C7)

Answer 40

first set of seven bones, forming the neck

Question 41

thoracic vertebrae (T1 - T12)

Answer 41

second set of 12 vertebrae --> articulate with 12 pairs of ribs to form outward curve of the spine

Question 42

lumbar vertebrae (L1 - L5)

Answer 42

third set of five larger vertebrae, which forms the inward curve of the spine

Question 43

sacrum

Answer 43

next five vertebrae, which fuse together to form a triangular bone positioned between the two hip bones

Question 44

coccyx

Answer 44

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone

Question 45

lamina

Answer 45

part of the vertebral arch

Question 46

clavicle

Answer 46

collarbone

Question 47

scapula

Answer 47

shoulder blade

Question 48

acromion process

Answer 48

extension of the scapula, which forms the superior point of the shoulder

Question 49

sternum

Answer 49

breastbone

Question 50

xiphoid process

Answer 50

lower portion of the sternum

Question 51

humerus

Answer 51

upper arm bone

Question 52

ulna and radius

Answer 52

lower arm bones

Question 53

olecranon process

Answer 53

projection at the proximal end of the ulna that forms the bony point of the elbow

Question 54

carpal bones

Answer 54

wrist bones

Question 55

metacarpal bones

Answer 55

hand bones

Question 56

phalanx

Answer 56

finger and toe bones

Question 57

pelvis

Answer 57

made up of three bones fused together

Question 58

ischium

Answer 58

lower, posterior portion of the pelvis on which one sits

Question 59

ilium

Answer 59

upper, wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis

Question 60

pubis

Answer 60

anterior portion of the pelvis

Question 61

acetabulum

Answer 61

large socket in the pelvis for the head of the femur

Question 62

femur

Answer 62

upper leg bone

Question 63

tibia and fibula

Answer 63

lower leg bones

Question 64

patella

Answer 64

kneecap

Question 65

tarsal bones

Answer 65

ankle bones

Question 66

calcaneus

Answer 66

heel bone

Question 67

metatarsal bones

Answer 67

foot bones

Question 68

joint

Answer 68

junction of two or more bones, which often allows for movement of these bones

Question 69

cartilage

Answer 69

firm connective tissue primarily found in joints

Question 70

meniscus

Answer 70

crescent-shaped cartilage found in some joints, including the knee

Question 71

intervertebral disk

Answer 71

cartilaginous pad found between the vertebrae in the spine

Question 72

pubic symphysis

Answer 72

cartilaginous joint at which two pubic bones come together anteriorly at the midline

Question 73

synovia

Answer 73

fluid secreted by the synovial membrane and found in joint cavities, bursae, and around tendons

Question 74

bursa

Answer 74

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

Question 75

ligament

Answer 75

flexible, touch band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint

Question 76

tendon

Answer 76

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

Question 77

aponeurosis

Answer 77

strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone

Question 78

skeletal muscles

Answer 78

attached to bones by tendons and make body movement possible

Question 79

smooth muscles

Answer 79

located in internal organs such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract

Question 80

cardiac muscle

Answer 80

forms most of the wall of the heart; involuntary contraction produces heartbeat