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ORGCHEM Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

TYPES OF STRUCTULAR FORMULA

A

Expanded/Lewis/Kekule/Line-bond
Condensed
Skeletal

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2
Q

CONDITIONS FOR BONDING

A
  • Two electrons are needed to make a bond b/w 2 atoms

- Each atoms must have unpaired orbital

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3
Q

HEADWAYS OVERLAP

A

Sigma

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4
Q

How many bonds does sp3 hybridization form and what angle?

A

FOUR SIGMA BONDS
109.5 tetrahedral
3D

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5
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT IMF

A
  • Dipoles (incr. polarity)
  • Water solubility
  • Contact area/surface area
  • Bp, melting pt.,density
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6
Q

ORGANIC RXNS

A
  • Synthesis / addition
  • Decomposition / elimination
  • Double displacement / substitution
  • Rearrangement - interchange of ions
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7
Q

TWO TYPES OF CLEAVAGE

A

Homolytic

Heterolytic

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8
Q

Also known as paraffins therefore SATURATED

A

Alkanes

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9
Q

STEPS IN FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION

A
  • Initiation
  • Propagation
  • Termination
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10
Q

Also known as olefins therefore UNSATURATED

A

Alkenes

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11
Q

Requires org solvent like CCl4 or DCM

A

HALOGENATION

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12
Q

Requires catalyst like Pd or PtO2

A

HYDROGENATION

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13
Q

Usually done w/ ether solvent

A

HYDROHALOGENATION

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14
Q

Always ACID-CATALYZED; using HgOAc/NaBH4

A

HYDRATION

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15
Q

Rule in adding HX to an asymmetric alkene, the major product has the H added to the less stable vinyl carbon

A

MARKONIKOV’S RULE

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16
Q

HALOHYDRIN

A

Halogen + H2O

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17
Q

KMnO4 and BASE

A

MILD OXIDATION

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18
Q

Usually followed by HYDRATION; RCOOOR, RCOOH

A

EPOXIDATION

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19
Q

Also known as acetylenes

A

Alkynes

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20
Q

Disturbance or deviation from the ideal bond angles

A

STRAINS

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21
Q

Strain/instability when 2 grps are so close to one another

A

STERIC STRAIN/HINDRANCE

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22
Q

Where some e- are not just in a single place; continous moving

A

DELOCALIZATIONS

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23
Q

Action done by the overall push or pull of e-

A

INDUCTIVE EFFECT

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24
Q

2 or more cmpds that have the same mol. formula; diff structures

25
Isomers with diff. connectivityq
CONSTITUTIONAL ISOMERS
26
Isomers diff. in functional grps
FUNCTIONAL
27
Isomers diff. only at the position/locant
POSITIONAL
28
ISOMERS THAT HAVE THE SAME CONNECTIVITY
Sterioisomer
29
2 TYPES OF STERIOISOMERS
- Conformational | - Configurational
30
2 bonds overlapping one another; there's a strain that want to separate them
TORSIONAL STRAIN
31
Aka CIS TRANS ISOMERS
GEOMETRIC ISOMERS
32
For prioritization in E/Z and optical isomers
CAHN INGOLD PRELOG RULES
33
Must have a chiral carbon/stereogenic center Asymmetric Sp3 carbon
OPTICAL ISOMERS
34
Mirror images (all chiral C are inverted) S to R; R to S
ENANTIOMERS
35
Combination of two enantiomers
RACEMIC MIXTURE
36
No real mirror images (only some chiral carbons are inverted)
DIASTEREOMERS
37
Have 2 chiral carbons that are mirrors of each other
MESO COMPOUNDS
38
For a cmpd to be aromatic it must be:
Cyclic cmpd PLANAR sp2 hybridized
39
States that in order for a cmpd to be aromatic it must have a 4n + 2 pi e-
HUCKEL'S RULE
40
Orig antiseptic by Lister
PHENOL
41
Disinfectant Ex.Lysol; saponated form of cresol
CRESOL
42
Well known astringent found in toners; closes pores temporarily
HYDROQUINONE
43
Analgesics/pain killers
Salicylic acid & aspirin
44
Precursor molecule that leads to salicylic acid
ASPIRIN
45
PARABENS | Widely used as preservatives
BENZOIC ACID
46
Polyphenolic subs; powerful antioxidant effecrs
FLAVONOIDS
47
Major class of glycosides;cathartic
ANTHRAQUINONES
48
Rule that sates, in an elimination rxn the most substituted product will be the most stable therefore most favored
ZAITSEV'S RULE
49
Chloral hydrate use
SEDATIVE
50
Inhale gen anesthetics
HALOTHANE ENFLURANE DUSFLURANE ISOFLURANE
51
Constituents of all recreational drinks
ETHANOL
52
Rubbing alcohol
Isopropyl alcohol
53
Poison converted to oxalic acid w/c leads to kidney failure; antifreeze
Ethylene glycol
54
Used to determine partition coefficient
Octanol
55
Anticancer drug; antimetabolite
Mercaptopurine
56
Anti-thyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism
Propylthiouracil
57
Mucolytic; Ax to paracetamol poisoning
N-acetylcysteine
58
Oil of bitter almonds
BENZALDEHYDE
59
Ant bite pain
FORMIC ACID

CHEMISTRY (5 decks)

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