Origin and insertion of various muscles

Question 1

Rotator cuffs

Answer 1

Supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor: greater tubercle

subscapularis: lesser tubercle

Innervation:
– > supraspinatous + infraspinatous: suprascapular nerve
–> teres minor: axillary nerve
–> subscapularis: upper and lower subscapular nerve, posterior cord brachial plexus

Question 2

Gluteus medius origin, insertion, action

Answer 2

Origin:
–> gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus

Insertion
–> Lateral aspect of greater trochanter

Action
–> abduction of thigh
–> internal rotation of the thigh

Question 3

Gluteus minimus

Answer 3

Origin:
–> gluteal surface of ilium under gluteus medius

Insertion:
–> anterior aspect of greater trochanter

Question 4

label anterior scapula

Answer 4

Question 5

left scapula and clavicle articulation from above

Answer 5

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

What is the origin and insertion of the pec major?

Answer 7

Origin

Clavicular head:
–> Medial half anterior clavicle

Sternocostal head
–> Anterior sternum
—> upper 6 costal cartilages
–> external oblique aponeurosis

Insertion
–> Lateral lip of bicipital groove

Question 8

Pec major action

Answer 8

Whole muscle:
–> adduction and medial rotation of the arm

Clavicular head
–> Flexion of the humerus

Sternocostal head
–> extension of the flexed humerus
–> acts as accessory muscle of respiration by elevating the ribs

Question 9

What is the innervation of pec major?

Answer 9

-Medial (C8-T1) pectoral nerve
-Lateral (C5-C7) pectoral nerve

Question 10

What is the origin/insertion/innervation/action of trapezius?

Answer 10

Origin:
–> Spinous process C7-T12
–> Occipital protuberance
–> ligamentum nuchae

Insertion
–> Spine/acromion of scapula
–> clavicle

Action
–> rotates scapula

Innervation:
–> spinal accessory nerve (12th cranial nerve)

Question 11

What is origin/insertion/action/innervation of serratus anterior?

Answer 11

Origin
–> Ribs 1-9

Insertion
–> Scapula (ventral medial)

Action
–> prevents winging

Innervation
–> long thoracic nerve

Question 12

What structures attach to the coracoid process?

Answer 12

-Ligaments:
–> Coracoclavicular
–> coracohumeral
–> coracoacromial

Muscles
–> pec minor (insertion)
–> Coracobrachialis (origin)
–> short head of biceps (origin)

Question 13

6,912,3

Answer 13

Question 14

Describe the articulations at the elbow

Answer 14

-Capitulum of humerus with radial head
-Trochlear of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna
-Olecranon of ulna with olecranon fossa of humerus

Question 15

Biceps brachii origin/insertion/action/innervation. What are the relations to the biceps tendon?

Answer 15

Origin
–> Coracoid process (short head)
–> supraglenoid tubercle (long head)

Insertion:
–> radial tuberosity

Action
–> flexion, supination

Innervation:
–> musculocutaneous nerve

Relations to biceps tendon:
–> Medial: median nerve and brachial artery
–> lateral: radial nerve

Question 16

FDS origin, insertion, action, innervation

Answer 16

O:
–> Medial epicondyle, proximal anterior ulnar, anterior radius

I:
–> Base of middle phalanges

Action:
–> Flexion, PIPJ, mcpj, wrist

Innervation:
–> Median nerve

Question 17

What is the common flexor origin?

Answer 17

-Medial epicondyle
-Where superficial flexors of forearm originate (pronator teres, FCRL, Palmaris longus, FDS, FCU)

Question 18

What is the origin/insertion/action of FDP?

Answer 18

Origin:
–> anterior and medial ulna

Insertion
–> base of distal phalanx

Action:
–> Flexing DIPJ

Innervation;
-radial half median
-ulnar half ulnar

Question 19

Name the muscles which attach to the greater trochanter of the femur

Answer 19

Superior: piriformis

Lateral: gluteus medius

Anterior: gluteus minimus

Medial: obturator internus, gemelli superior and inferior

Question 20

What are the origins and insertions of the iliacus and psoas muscles?

Answer 20

-Psoas major originates along lateral surfaces of vertebral bodies of T12 and L1-L5 and their associated vertebral discs
-Iliacus originates in iliac fossa of pelvis
-Psoas major unites with iliacus at level of inguinal ligament and crosses hip joint to insert on lesser trochanter of femur

Question 21

What are the surface markings of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 21

-Identify posterior superior iliac spine, greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity
-Draw curved line connecting following 3 points:
–> 2.5cm lateral to midpoint of line from PSIS to ischial tuberosity
–> midpoint between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter
–> junction between upper 2/3rd and lower 1/3rd thigh in midline

-Nerve most commonly divides 5-7cm above posterior knee joint line

Question 22

Name the three groups of ligaments of the ankle joint

Answer 22

Deltoid ligament
Syndesmosis
Lateral collateral ligamentous complex

Deltoid ligament: deep and superficial part
–> Deep: Anterior tibiotalar ligament
–> Superficial: posterior tibiotalar ligament, tibionavicular ligament, tibiocalcaneal ligament

Lateral collateral ligamentous complex:
–> Anterior and posterior talofibular ligament
–> calcaneofibular ligament

Question 23

Describe the landmarks where you could palpate pulses in the foot and ankle

Answer 23

-Landmarks for palpation DP are: lateral ehl tendon, medial to extensor digitorum tendon, distal to dorsal prominence of navicular bone

POsterior tibial: Half way between medial malleolus and achilles tendon

Question 24

Attachments of quadratus femoris

Answer 24

Origin: lateral aspect ischial tuberosity
Insertion: quadrate tuberosity on intertrochanteric crest

Question 25

What attaches to the atnerior superior iliac spine?

Answer 25

-Inguinal ligament
-Sartorius
-Tensor fascia lata

Question 26

What are the attachments of the flexor retinaculum>

Answer 26

Proximal: Tubercle of scaphoid, pisiform
Distal: Ridge of trapezium, hook of hamate

Question 27

Origins of peroneus longus, brevis and tertius

Answer 27

Peroneus longus

Origin: superolateral fibula, lateral tibial condyle

Insertion: crosses under foot and attaches to bones on the medial side–> medial cuneiform and the base of the 1st metatarsal

Peroneus brevis
-originates from inferolateral surface of fibular sharft
–> Attaches to tubercle on 5th metatarsal

Peroneus tertius
–> O: medial fibula
–> I: 5th metatarsal

Question 28

What muscles insert into the iliotibial band?

Answer 28

-Tensor fascia lata
-Gluteus maximus

Question 29

What is the function of the Iliotibial tract?

Answer 29

-Movement
–> extension, abduction, lateral rotation of the hip
–> provides lateral stability to the knee joint

Compartmentalisation
–> provides lateral compartment of the thigh

Question 30

Attachmetnts of the hamstrings

Answer 30

Biceps femoris

O: long head from ischial tuberosity. Short head from linea aspera on posterior surface of femur

I: head of fibula

Semitendinosus
-O: ischial tuberosity
-I: medial tibia

Semimembranosus
-O: Ischial tuberosity.
-I: medial tibial condyle

Innervaiton
–> all tibial part of sciatic nerve except short head (common fibular part of sciatic nerve)

Question 31

Tibialis anterior and posterior origin and insertion

Answer 31

Anterior:
–> O: lateral surface of the tibia
—> I: medial cuneiform bone and the base of metatarsal I.

Posterior
-O: posterior surface and interosseous membrane of the tibia and fibula.

-I: medial tarsal bones.

Question 32

Extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum attachments

Answer 32

EHL
Attachments:
O: fibular shaft.
I: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe.

Extensor digitorum

Originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia and the medial surface of the fibula.
The fibres converge into a tendon, which travels onto the dorsal surface of the foot.
The tendon splits into four and each tendon inserts onto a toe, as shown in the image below.