Orthdontics

Question 1

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In Haeussler’s 2014 study, “Intra-pulp temperature increase of equine cheek teeth during treatment with motorized grinding systems: influence of grinding head position and rotational speed,” what rise in pulp temperature was cited as causing pulp damage?

Staszyk. BMC Veterinary Research 2014.

Answer 1

5.5C

Zach, Cohen. “Pulp response to externally applied heat.” Oral Surg Oral Med. 1965

Question 2

In Rodrigues’s 2013 survey, “A clinical survey on the prevalence and types of cheek teeth disorders present in 400 Zamorano-Leones and 400 Mirandes donkeys (Equus asinus),” what was the most commonly diagnosed dental disease?

Answer 2

Enamel overgrowths (73.1%, 585/800 cases)

Question 3

In Haeussler’s 2014 study, “Intra-pulp temperature increase of equine cheek teeth during treatment with motorized grinding systems: influence of grinding head position and rotational speed,” doubling the rotational speed led to shortening the time to reach a 5.5C temperature increase by what percent for maxillary and mandibular CT?

Staszyk. BMC Veterinary Research 2014.

Answer 3

12,000rpm shortened the time to reach 5.5C increase in maxillary CT by 52% and mandibular CT by 78%

Question 4

In Haeussler’s 2014 study, “Intra-pulp temperature increase of equine cheek teeth during treatment with motorized grinding systems: influence of grinding head position and rotational speed,” what was the suggested maximum time for grinding on one tooth should not cause pulpal damage?

Staszyk. BMC Veterinary Research 2014.

Answer 4

30 seconds

Question 5

In Haeussler’s 2014 study, “Intra-pulp temperature increase of equine cheek teeth during treatment with motorized grinding systems: influence of grinding head position and rotational speed,” what variable were not significantly associated?

Staszyk. BMC Veterinary Research 2014.

Answer 5

Individual pulp horns did not warm stat sig faster at 6000 or 12,000rpm
No stat sig difference in maxillary CT mass loss at 6000 vs 12,000rpm

Question 6

In Pizzigatti’s 2014 study, “Multiple dental abnormalities in a geriatric horse”, what was the incidence of enamel points in horses > 9 years of age?

Answer 6

44-72%

Question 7

In Pizzigatti’s 2014 study, “Multiple dental abnormalities in a geriatric horse”, what bacteria is associated with the formation of caries in horses?

Answer 7

Staphylococcus devriesei

Question 8

In Pizzigatti’s 2014 study, “Multiple dental abnormalities in a geriatric horse”, they found which disease is the most challenging in geriatric equine dentistry?

Answer 8

Periodontal disease

Question 9

In Taylor’s 2015 study “Comparative Analyses of Tooth Wear in Free-Ranging and Captive Wild Equids,” what focal overgrowth was stat sig more prevalent in captive vs free-ranging wild equids?

EVJ 2015

Answer 9

Rostral 06s

Question 10

In Taylor’s 2015 study “Comparative Analyses of Tooth Wear in Free-Ranging and Captive Wild Equids,” which teeth of captive equids generally exhibited less abrasion-dominated tooth wear than their free-ranging counterparts?

EVJ 2015

Answer 10

Premolars

Question 11

In Easley’s 2016 study “Orthodontic Correction of Overjet/Overbite (parrot mouth) in 72 foals (1999-2013),” reduction in overjet and overbite dimensions were achieved in what percent of cases respectively?

EVJ 2016

Answer 11

Overjet 95%
Overbite 90%

Question 12

In Easley’s 2016 study “Orthodontic Correction of Overjet/Overbite (parrot mouth) in 72 foals (1999-2013),” what was the median number of implant placements per animal and what percent of cases requred more than 1 procedure?

EVJ 2016

Answer 12

Median number implants 2
63% cases required more than 1 procedure

Question 13

In Easley’s 2016 study “Orthodontic Correction of Overjet/Overbite (parrot mouth) in 72 foals (1999-2013),” what was the association between animal age and total reduction of overjet and rate of reduction in overbite?

EVJ 2016

Answer 13

Increasing animal age significantly associated with decreased total reduction in overjet and decreased rate of reduction in overbite

Question 14

In Easley’s 2016 study “Orthodontic Correction of Overjet/Overbite (parrot mouth) in 72 foals (1999-2013),” what was the association with original severity of overbite and rate of correction?

EVJ 2016

Answer 14

Increased original severity of overbite sig associated with increase rate of correction/length of correction

Question 15

In Easley’s 2016 study “Orthodontic Correction of Overjet/Overbite (parrot mouth) in 72 foals (1999-2013),” what were the most common short and long term complications?

EVJ 2016

Answer 15

Short term: intraoperative hemorrhage (3 foals total), transient facial nerve neuropraxia (1 foal), irritation of mare’s udder
Long term: Cheek teeth diastema formation, incisor discoloration and maleruption (7 horses)

All foals developed small valve diastema of 07s/08s