Instruments and Materials Flashcards
1
Q
What are the names of the pictured scalpel blade handles?
Verstraete Chap 7
A
A. #3
B. #5
C. #B3
D. #7
2
Q
What are the names of these scissors?
A
A. Metzenbaum
B. Straight Iris Scissors
C. Curved Goldman-Fox
D. LaGrange scissors
E. Suture scissors
3
Q
What are the names of these tissue forceps?
Verstraete Ch 7
A
A. Adson 1X2 tissue forceps
B. Gerald 1X2 tissue forceps
4
Q
What is the name of this instrument?
Verstraete Ch 7
A
Allis tissue forceps
5
Q
What are the names of these instruments?
Verstraete Ch 7
A
A. Molt #9 periosteal elevator
B. #24G periosteal elevator
C. Mead #3 periosteal elevator
6
Q
What are the names of these instruments?
Verstreate Ch 7
A
A. Seldin retractor - retraction of periosteal flaps
B. Cawood-Minnesota retractor - retraction of tongue, lips and cheeks
7
Q
What are the names of these instruments?
Verstraete Ch 7
A
A. Senn retractor
B. Gelpi perineal retractor
8
Q
What are the names of these instruments?
Verstraete Ch 7
A
A. Halsey needle holder
B. DeBakey needle holder
Halsey measures 130mm
DeBakey measures 180mm
9
Q
What is the name and indication for this instrument in oral surgery?
Verstraete Ch 61
A
John Hopkins gallbladder forceps. Indication: pharyngostomy/pharyngotomy
10
Q
What is the name of this instrument?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations
A
UNC-15 periodontal probe
15mm long probe with 1mm markings and color coding every 5mm
11
Q
What is the name of this instrument?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations
A
Marquis periodontal probe
Color coded probe with markings every 3mm
12
Q
What is the name/# of this instrument?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations
A
Classic sickle-shaped explorer #23
13
Q
What type of curettes are shown in B and C respectively?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations
A
B: Universal
C: Gracey
With Gracey curettes, the higher the number the more bend
14
Q
What size blade angles of curettes would be most appropriate for the rostral and caudal mouth respectively?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations
A
Small blade angles (sizes 1-2) are most appropriate for the rostral mouth. Larger blade angles (sizes 13-14) are more appropriate for the caudal mouth.
15
Q
What instrument is this and with what motion is it designed to be used?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations: Periodontal Hand Instruments
A
Hoe scaler, pull motion
the McCall’s series are the standard Hoe instruments
16
Q
What is this instrument and with what motion is it designed to be used?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations: Periodontal Hand Instruments
A
Periodontal Chisel, push motion
designed for removing calculus between tight interproximal spaces
17
Q
What is the name of each instrument shown in A and B respectively?
JVD 2012, Issue 2. Foundations: Periodontal Hand Instruments
A
A: Kirkland periodontal knife
B: Orban interdental periodontal knife
18
Q
What is this instrument and what is its use?
JVD 2012, Issue 3. Use of an Autogenous Cortical Graft in Combination with Guided Tissue Regeneration for Treatment of an Infrabony Defect, Rice.
A
Bone grafter
used to obtain autogenous cortical bone grafts
19
Q
What are the names of these instruments?
Verstraete Ch 20: Gingivectomy
A
A. Goldman-Fox periodontal pocket marking forceps
B. Kirkland gingivectomy knife
C. Orban gingivectomy knife
D. Universal 360-degree scalpel handle
20
Q
For curettes and scalers, what is the angle of the edge (i.e. the intersection of the face and the bevel)?
Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1
A
70 degrees
21
Q
For sharpening curettes and scalers what degree should be between the face of the instrument and the stone?
Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1
A
the heel contacting the stone held to form a 110° angle between the face of the instrument and the stone
22
Q
For sharpening elevators and osteotomes what degree should be between the bevel of the instrument and the stone?
Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1
A
45 degrees
23
Q
For sharpening Oschenbein and bone chisels what degree should be between the face of the instrument and the stone?
Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1
A
20 degrees
24
Q
For sharpening scissors what degree should be between the face of the instrument and the stone?
Sharpening Periodontal Instruments. JVD 2014, Issue 1
A
10 degrees
25
What are the names of A, B, C, D and E?
A. Clamps
B. Rubber dam sheet
C. Rubber dam punch
D. Rubber dam frame
E. Clamp forceps
## Footnote
Rodoso. "Dental Dam Application for Endodontics in Dogs: A Novel Clamp Kit." JVD 2018, Issue 2.
26
What does the term luting mean in regard to dental cements?
## Footnote
JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements
The word luting implies the use of a moldable substance to seal a space or to cement two components together; hence the term is descriptive of dental cementing agents.
27
What type of cement is the least soluble?
A. Resin Composite
B. Glass Ionomer
C. Polycarboxylate
D. Zinc phosphate
## Footnote
JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements
A. Resin Composite
28
Define elastic modulus
## Footnote
JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements
Elastic modulus (EM) measures the ability of a material to resist elastic deformation under loading, representing the relative stiffness of the material within the elastic range.
29
What mechansims of adhesion are observed in restoration cements, and give examples of materials for each:
Non-adhesive
Micomechanical bond
Molecular bond
## Footnote
JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements
Nonadhesive: cement fills the restoration-tooth gap and holds by engaging in small surface irregularities - I.e. relies on geometric form of tooth preparation - zinc phosphate
Micromechanical: surface irregularities are enhanced through air abrasion or acid etching to provide larger defects – good for materials with large tensile strength – resins, resin-modified GIC
Molecular: bipolar Van der Waals forces and weak chemical bond (material ions bind to Ca of hydroxyapetite) - polycarboxilate, GIC
30
What is film thickness, and which materials have the relative higher and lower film thickness?
## Footnote
JVD 2018 issue 1, Review of Dental Cements
Aka viscosity of the dental cement
Low film thickness → improves setting of crown and decreases marginal discrepancies → reduces plaque accumulation, PD, cement dissolution and caries (humans)
Resins - highest
GIC - lowest
31
What reaction occurs to set glass ionomer (GIC)?
Acid-base reaction
reaction of (a basic) silicate glass powder and an ionomer liquid containing carboxylic acids (or polyacrylic acid). (They form ion cross-linked polymer matrices surrounding glass-reinforcing filler particles).
## Footnote
GIC/composite hybrid) using liquid water-free polyacid monomer in place of polyacrylic acid that leads to a polyacid-modified composite resin. These materials possess a combination of characteristics of composites and glass-ionomers- but are essentially polymer-based composites that have been modified to permit fluoride release from the glass phase.
32
What are the names of A and B?
## Footnote
Verstraete Ch 13
B. Seldin #304W elevator
B. Luxator
33
What type of elevators are triangular shaped, come in pairs for left and right and are designed to be used with a "wheel and axle" motion
## Footnote
Verstraete Ch 13
Cryer elevators
34
What are the names of A and B?
## Footnote
Verstraete Ch 13
A.) Apexo #301 apical elevator
B.) Davis #11 root tip teaser
35
What are the names of A and B?
## Footnote
Verstraete Ch 13
A.) F-150 Cryer forceps
B.) FX-49 forceps
36
What are the names of the top and bottom instruments?
## Footnote
Ch 23
Top: Ochsenbein #1
Bottom: Kramer-Nevins #1/2
## Footnote
Both bone chisels used for periodontal surgery
37
Describe the formula of a cutting instrument.
1. Blade width
2. Cutting edge angle
3. Blade length
4. Blade angle
38
What is the name of this instrument?
Williams probe or QOW probe
39
What is the name of this instrument?
Nabers probe, checks for furcations
40
What is the name of this instrument?
Fahrenkrug plugger
41
What is the name of this instrument?
11/12 ODU (Old Dominion University) Explorer -> for caries, calculus, furcations, restorations
42
What is the name of this strument?
Explorer #17
43
What is the name of this instrument?
Minnesota Retractor
44
What is the name of this instrument?
Root tip pick EBH 13/14
45
What is the name of this instrument?
78 straight root tip elevator
46
What instrument is this?
Periosteal elevator Molt 2/4
47
What instrument is this?
La Grange Scissors
48
What instrument is this?
Iris scissors
49
What is the name of this instrument?
Gracey currete
50
What instrument is this?
What is it called when combined with a curved sickle scaler?
Straight sickle scaler
Combined: U15/33 Towner-Jacquette
51
What are the roles of each of the following:
Periodontal chisel
Periodontal sickle scaler
Periodontal hoe
Peridontal curette
Periodontal file
Periodontal chisel used to remove gross supragingival calculus
Periodontal sickle scaler used to remove supragingival calculus
Periodontal hoe used to remove supragingival and fairly superficial subgingival calculus
Periodontal curettes used to remove subgingival calculus and debris, for gingival curettage and for root planing
Periodontal file used for root planing
52
What endo files are pictured, from left to right
## Footnote
JVD 1991, Wiggs
H-type ftle
K-type reamer
K-type file
barbed broach
53
What endo instruments are pictured here?
## Footnote
JVD 1991, Wiggs
G-type
reamer (Gates-Glidden) - left
P-type reamer (Peeso) - right
54
Name these trephines
## Footnote
Easley ch 22
Galt trephine (Left), modified wood drill bit (Center) and a Michelle trephine (Right).
55
Name this instrument used for intraoral secitoning of teeth and it's bur lengths
## Footnote
Leps Frontiers 2024
IC300 90° and KC300 50° heads mounted on the Equus Dental Harmony® handle with 3.175 tungsten carbide sectioning burrs of 38-, 51-, 64-, and 77-mm lengths.
56
Name this instrument and its varieties
## Footnote
Leps Frontiers 2024
Pegasos Elevator sets with 0°, 8°, 18°, and 30° T-handles with curettes, narrow (4 mm) and large (5 mm) elevators of variable lengths
57
Name this instrument
## Footnote
VCNA 2020 Geiche
T handled gingival elevators
58
What instrument group are these examples of?
## Footnote
VCNA 2020 Geiche
Molar spreaders
59
What different sizes of molar forceps are depicted here?
## Footnote
VCNA 2020 Geiche
Miniature horse/pony, mandibular, and maxillary molar sizes (left to right)
60
Name this instrument
Fulcrums
61
What is the name of the speculum shown below?
## Footnote
Easley 2022 chp 28
Modified Gunther speculum
62
What is the timeline of tensile strength loss in Monocryl (Poligecaprone 25) suture?
## Footnote
JVD 2014 issue 3
Tensile strength is 50 % at 7-days, 20-25 % at 14 -days, and 100 % at 21-days.
63
Absorbable sutures lose all measureable tensile strength and degrade in how many days?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
60 days
64
What are the advantages of using poligecaprone 25 (monocryl)?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
Very low tissue drag
most pliable of all absorbable sutures
Good knot security
very good ease of handling
very high initial tensile strength and strength:size ratio --> can use smaller sutures
rapid loss of tensile strength --> 50% at 7 days, 20-25% at 14 days, 100% at 21 days
completely absorbed at 120 days
65
What is Polyglactin 910 and when is there no detectable tensile strength left?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
Vicryl, 28 days
66
How are ALL synthetic sutures degraded?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
Hydrolysis, which results in more predictable absorption times
67
What are the two phases that suture absorption occurs in chromic gut?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
Collagenolysis and proteolytic enzyme digestion and absorption
68
How long do non-absorbable sutures maintain their tensile strength? When do they need to be removed?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
Non-absorbable sutures maintain tensile strength for greater than 60 days.
Non-absorbable suturesneed to be removed in 7 to 21days
69
What is Polyglecaprone 25?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
Monocryl
## Footnote
Absorbable MONOfilament
70
What has the longest complete absorption in absorbable suture?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
PDS at 182 days
71
What are sutures that are contraindicated in the mouth?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
Nonabsorbable sutures like nylon and polypropylene, and PDS
72
Poliglecaprone maintains what percent of its tensile strength for 7 days and when is it completely degraded by?
## Footnote
Pegg "Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs," JVD 2022
maintains 50-60% of tensile strength through 7 days
Completely degraded by hydrolysis after 91-119 days
73
What is Polyglactin 910?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
Vicryl
## Footnote
Absorbable MULTIfilament
74
What is Polydioxanone?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
PDS
## Footnote
absorbable MONOfilament
75
What is the tensile strength loss timeline and complete absorption of Polyglactin 910?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
50% - 14 days
20% - 21 days
60-90 days complete or 56-70 days - depends on the source cited
| Vicryl
76
What is the tensile strength loss timeline and complete absorption of Poliglecaprone 25?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
60-70% - 7 days
30-40% - 14 days
Complete - 90-119 days
| Monocryl
## Footnote
timeline differs by source - another says 50% - 7 d.20% - 14 d. in this paper
77
What is the tensile strength loss timeline and complete absorption of Polydioxanone?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
74% - 14 days
58% - 28 days
Complete - 182-283 days
| PDS
## Footnote
4-0 and smaller:
60% - 14 d
40% - 30 d
35% - 45 d
78
What needle does this represent?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
A: 1/2 circle, cutting needle
79
What needle does this represent?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
B: 3/8 circle, reversecutting needle
80
What needle does this represent?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
C: 1/2 circle, taper needle
81
What needle does this represent?
## Footnote
JVD 2014, Issue 3. "Suture material and needle options in oral and periodontal surgery" Domnick
D: 5/8 circle, taper-cut needle
82
Name these forceps
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
A. Mosquito
B. Kelly straight
C. Crile straight
D. Rochester-Pean
83
Name these forceps
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
(E) Rochester-Carmalt with details
(F) Rochester-Ochsner
(G) Kocher with details
84
Name these tissue forceps
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
(A) Doyen-DeBakey intestinal forceps straight.
(B) Allis tissue forceps.
85
Name these tissue forceps
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
(C) Babcock tissue forceps.
(D) Foerster sponge forceps, serrated straight.
86
Name these retrators
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
A. Army-Navy
B. Hohmann retractor
C. Meyerding retractor
D. Lahey retractor
87
Name these towel clamps
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
(A) Backhaus towel clamps.
(B) Roeder towel clamps.
(C) Lorna-Edna towel clamps.
88
Name these self-retaining retractors
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
(A) Gelpi retractor.
(B) Weitlaner retractor.
(C) Aanes retractor/speculum with different blades.
(D) Balfour retractor.
89
Which blades do the following blade types fit?
No.3
No. 7
No. 4
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
(A) Knife handle No. 3, fits surgical blades 10–15.
(B) Knife handle No. 3, long, fits surgical blades 10–15.
(C) Knife handle No. 7, fits surgical blades 10–15.
(D) Knife handle No. 4, fits surgical blades 20–25.
90
Name these blade types
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
10, 11, 12, 15.
(F) No. 22
91
Name these suction tips
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
A. Yankauer
B. Frasier-Ferguson
C. Poole
92
Name these periosteal elevators
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
A. Adson
B. McIlwraith
C. Freer
93
Name these bone cutting instruments
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
(A) Smith Peterson osteotome.
(B) Sontec Cottle osteotome.
(C) Hibbs chisel.
(D) Smith Peterson gouge.
94
Name these rongeurs
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
A. Ruskin
B. Stille-Luer
95
What are these used for?
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
Bone holding clamps
(A) Verbrugge bone clamp. (B) Kern bone clamp. (C) Stefan bone-holding forceps. (D) Bone-reduction clamp with ratchet.
96
What are the two types of trephines available?
## Footnote
Auer and Stick, ch 11
Galt trephine: sizes 1.25 to 2.5 cm
Michele trephine: sizes 3 mm inside/5 mm outside up to 22 mm inside/25 mm outside
97
What PSI of compressed air do the handpieces of a dental unit run on?
## Footnote
JVD 2019 Issue 3 "The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level"
40 PSI
## Footnote
the compressor stores air in the tank at 80 PSI
98
What is the rheostat?
## Footnote
JVD 2019 Issue 3 "The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level"
The foot pedal
99
What handpiece is shown here? What does the blue ring indicate? What is the RPM for this instrument?
## Footnote
JVD 2019 Issue 3 "The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level"
Low-speed micromotor. (B) Straight nose attachment. (C) Contra-angle attachment.
Blue ring indicates no gear ratio
20,000-40,000 RPM
100
What does a green band on a low speed handpiece indicate?
## Footnote
JVD 2019 Issue 3 "The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level"
Green depicts that the handpiece has a reduction gear ratio such as a 4:1.
This means the speed of the attachment is 4 times slower than the rotation of the motor (if a motor is turning at 20 000 RPM, the attachment will be running at 5000 RPM)
101
What does a red ring on a low speed handpiece indicate?
## Footnote
JVD 2019 Issue 3 "The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level"
Red rings indicate a speed increasing handpiece such as a 1:5
which would take a 20 000 RPM motor to an attachment at 100 000 RPM
102
What handpiece is shown here? What is the RPM for this instrument?
## Footnote
JVD 2019 Issue 3 "The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level"
High speed handpiece
Eqipped with light (arrowhead)
350,000-400,000 RPM
## Footnote
No gear ratios for this instrument
103
What type of coupling is shown here for the highspeed handpiece? What does each hole connect to?
## Footnote
JVD 2019 Issue 3 "The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level"
(A) Four-hole coupling on a high-speed handpiece.
1. Drive air (smaller of the two large holes)
2. Exhaust air (larger of the two large holes)
3. Water.
4. Chip air - atomizes the water
104
What are these couplings for the highspeed handpiece? What does 5 and 6 do?
## Footnote
JVD 2019 Issue 3 "The Air-Driven Dental Unit: Form and Function at a Mechanical Level"
(B) Five-hole coupling. 5. Light via fiber optics.
(C) Six-hole handpiece. 6. Electricity to a bulb within the handpiece.
105
What is the working and set time of Protemp?
## Footnote
Easley ch 28
working time: 40 sec
setting time: 1 min 40 sec
106
In Ringeisen's 2018 paper "Influence of dental materials on cells of the equine periodontium" what materials were deemed safe and which had adverse effects on PDL fibroblasts?
## Footnote
Ringeisen 2018 EVJ
Pericare (oily CaOH suspension) and Provicol (temporary luting cement with CaOH used to affix crowns) had no adverse effects
Calyxl (barium sulphate pulp capping paste) and Honigum (impression material with monophase silicone base and VPS) had severe cytotoxic effects
## Footnote
Calyxl - immediate loss of cell viability
Honigum - increase IL-6 and COX-2 at 24 hrs and decreased viability then
