ORTHO Flashcards
(332 cards)
1
Q
fractures of the shaft of radius or ulna tx
A
surgical tx
ORIF in adults
conservatively –> ages 12-14
2
Q
what’s the biggest concern in a radius or ulna fx
A
nerve injury
3
Q
Fracture of distal radial shaft with dislocation of distal radio-ulnar joint
A
galeazzi
4
Q
prominenece of ulnar head and lack of pronation/supination
A
Galeazzi
5
Q
galeazzi fx tx
A
ORIF
6
Q
fracture of the proximal ulnar shaft with radial head dislocation
A
monteggia fx
7
Q
monteggia fx tx
A
ORIF
8
Q
distal radius fx AKA
A
colles fx tisk tisk
9
Q
FOOSH areas of concern
A
scaphoid
distal radius
radial head
proximal humerus
10
Q
3 varieties of FOOSH fx
A
palmar/dorsal displacement
extra/intra-articular
radial styloid
11
Q
distal radius fx, non-displaced w/o comminution tx
A
longarm cast to immobilize –> short arm cast
12
Q
what is an outcome predictor for distal radius fx
A
more disrupted the angle, worse prognosis
13
Q
extra-articular distal radius fx tx
A
closed
14
Q
intra-articular distal radius fx tx
A
anatomic reduction to resolve to same length (open reduction)
15
Q
complications of distal radius fx
A
compression of median nerve
malunion –> limit of wrist ROM
joint degeneration in intra-articular fx
16
Q
a cause of acute carpal tunnell radius fx
A
distal radius fx
17
Q
what may you see on initial xray of a scaphoid fx
A
nothing?… repeat in 10-14 days
18
Q
FOOSH, pain in anatomical snuffbox
A
scaphoid fx
19
Q
XRAYs needed to assess scaphoid
A
AP
Lateral
AP in ulnar deviation
Clenched fist view
20
Q
how to treat scaphoid fx if non-displaced and acute
A
thumb spica
21
Q
how long to keep hand in thumb spica for scaphoid fx
A
12 weeks!
22
Q
can you treat scaphoid fx with surgery?
A
yes, if want recovery in
23
Q
scaphoid fx complications
A
AVN
non-union
24
Q
where does blood supply innervate the scaphoid?
A
distally
25
tx of non-union scaphoid fx
ORIF and bone graft
26
complication of non-union scaphoid fx
arthritis
27
chronic tendinitis of 1st dorsal compartment of wrist
dequervain's stenosing tenosynovitis
28
2 tendons in 1st dorsal compartment of wrist
abductor pollicis and extensor pollicis brevis
29
pain radially with use of wrist, 1st dorsal compartment sore, + finkelstein's
dequervain's stenosing tenosynovitis
30
tx for dequervain's?
```
rest, ice, NSAIDs
consider thumb spica
steroid injection useful for dx and tx
US and PT therapy
surgery if persistent
```
31
saturday night palsy deficit
radial nerve --> wrist drop
32
neuropraxia
bruise of the nerve
| inhibits conduction but doesn't destroy nerve fiber
33
how long for neuropraxia to resolve?
2 weeks after removal of compression
34
damage severe enough to kill axon but myelin sheath intact
axonotmesis
35
severing both nerve axon and myelin sheath, usually by physical disruption of nerve (laceration)
neurotmesis
36
does reconnecting the two pieces of nerve together repair the nerve fiber?
no, it reapirs the myelin sheath which continues to grow inward
37
how fast do peripheral nerves gro?
1 inch/month
38
when does the growth of peripheral nerves halt?
18 months
39
carpal tunnel syndrome associated with
```
occupation
pregnancy
thyroid dz
RA
DM
```
40
where is the numbness in Carpal tunnel
thumb through middle finger
41
cause of carpal tunnel
pressure on median nerve under transverse carpal ligament
42
3 tests for carpal tunnel
Tinel's
Phalen's
EMG/NCV
43
small needle into into the muscle to read the electrical activity
EMG
44
looks at the velocity of the nerve
NCV
45
differentiates between carpal tunnel and other DDXs
NCV
46
only motor innervation of the median nerve
to the thenar eminence
47
thenar eminence motion
ADDuction
48
treatment progression for carpal tunnel
Rest, NSAIDs, night splints
PT
steroid injection
surgical release
49
what is cut in the surgical release of carpal tunnel?
transverse carpal ligament
50
name of canal in which ulnar nerve passes through
guyon's canal
51
what nerve does saturday night palsy affect
radial
52
complications of saturday night palsy
sensory: numbness of radial forearm and dorsum of hand
motor: inability to extend wrist and fingers
53
neck fracture of the small finger metacarpal, apex dorsal angulation
boxer's fracture
54
fight injury scenerio
boxer's fracture
55
up to what angle of a boxer's fracture is acceptable?
40-60 degrees
56
treatment of a boxer's fracture
ulnar gutter splint or metacarpal splint
57
clue on xray of a rotational alignment issue from a metacarpal or phalangal fx
diameter discrepancy
58
tx for phalangeal fx
pin for 4-5 wks
59
hyper-extension, jamming injury of finger scenerio
volar plate injury at PIP joint
60
where does one have pain in volar plate injury
palmar part of the joint
61
tx for volar plate injury at PIP
buddy tape and early ROM
62
complications of volar plate injury
stiffness if taped for too long --> wont be able to make a fist
permanent knuckle swelling
63
most common finger to get crush injury
middle
64
how to tx a subungal hematoma if more than 50%
remove nail, repair nail bed
65
threshold for abx usage with subungal hematomas
if tx w/in 6H or not grossly contaminated
66
when do you replace fingertips
kids, thumbs, and if it's the majority of the finger
67
open oblique fracture at the base of the thumb MC w/ dislocation of radial portion of articular surface
bennet fx
68
tx of bennet fx
surgery! pinning!
69
Y or T shaped fx at the base of the first metacarpal
rolando fx
70
what is the mechanism most likely involved in bennet and rolando fx?
hyper-extension
71
most common place of finger dislocations
IP joints
72
how to tx finger dislocations
reduce by pulling on the finger & buddy-taping it
73
no man's land
area of flexor tendons between the attachment of the FDP to the distal phalanz & the distal carpal tunnel
74
where does the FDP attach?
DIP
75
where does the FDS attach?
PIP
76
avulsion of the extensor tendon from distal phalanx
mallet finger
77
MOA of mallet finger
jamming injury (trying to catch a ball)
78
does a mallet finger have passive ROM?
yes
79
tx of mallet finger
splint for 6-8 wks
80
when to tx a mallet finger with a pin
unreliable
| more than 50% of joint involved
81
rugger jersey finger
avulsion of FDP from Distal phalanx
82
what limit in ROM does rugger jersey finger cause
unable to flex but full passive ROM
83
tx of rugger jersey finger
surgery
84
rupture or attrition of ulnar collateral ligament of MCPJ of thumb
gamekeeper's thumb
85
pain and instability of thumb in pinch
gamekeeper's thumb
86
tx for gamekeeper's thumb
surgery if displaced or unstable
| closed if non-displaced or no fx
87
degenerative nodule impinging on A1 pulley
trigger finger
88
who is trigger finger more common in
older people, alcoholics, degenerative arthritis
89
ROM limitation in trigger finger
can flex but not extend
90
tx of trigger finger
50% cured with steroid injection
| some need surgical release of A1 pulley NOT removal of nodule
91
what happens if you remove the nodule from a trigger finger
tendon rupture
92
trigger finger more common in M or W
Women
93
idiopathic fibrosis of palmar fascia
dupuytren disease
94
dupuytren dz associated with what other 2 diseases
peyronie's & plantar fibromatosis
95
who is dupuytren's most common in
```
northern europeans
men over 50
epilepsy
DM
pulm dz
alcoholics
vibrational trauma
```
96
painless nodules in palm --> cord --> finger contraction
dupuytren dz
97
most common finger associated with dupuytren's dz
ring finger, then small, then middle
98
tx of dupuytren dz
surgery when over 30 degrees or any contracture of PIP
99
disruption of central extensor mechanism allowing the PIP to protrude through extensor hood
boutonniere deformity
100
what is flexed and what is extended in boutonniere deformity
DIP extended
| PIP flexed
101
causes of boutonniere deformity
rupture of central slip (from RA weakening of tendons)
| forced flexion
102
tx of boutonniere deformity
acute: splint in extension
chronic: more complicated
103
when ordering x-rays image what areas
joints above and below point of concern
104
5 types of salter harris fractures
1. through physis
2. through physis and metaphysis (corner sign)
3. through physis and epiphysis
4. through physis, metaphysis, and epiphysis
5. compression/ crush
105
salter harris fx open to joint
3 and 4
106
most common salter harris fx
2
107
tx of salter harris fx
RICE
splint
pain management
traction (for larger joints)
108
gustillo classification pertains to...
open fractures
109
explain gustillo classification
1. less than 1 cm
2. 1-10cm
3a. >10cm, no periosteal stripping, adequate soft tissue coverage
3b. >10c, soft tissue loss w/ free tissue flap
3c. >10c, vascular damage
110
where does most of the bone healing come from
periosteum
111
tx for uncomplicated open fractures
1st gen cephalosporin
112
tx for contaminated open fx
+ aminoglycoside
| + 3rd gen cephalosporin or fluroquinolones
113
tx for barnyard open fx
clostridium, add penicillin
114
process of bone healing
hematoma --> sticky and fibrous after a week
| tosft tissue doesn't image well so won't see that until 2-3 wks
115
deformity that remodels the least
rotation
116
where do clavicle fractures take place
midshaft
117
treatment of clavicle fx
use sling
ice, avoid elevation,
pain meds
118
how long should a clavicle take to heal
within 6 wks
119
what does clavicle fx surgery increase the risk of
non-union
| infxn
120
where does a proximal humeral fracture usually take place
surgical neck
121
tx for uncomplicated proximal humeral fx
sling
122
where does most growth occur in the humerus
proximal epiphysis
123
MOA for proximal humerus fx in adults
FOOSH (tx w/ sling)... careful they don't get stiff
124
neer fx classification
```
based on location and number of fracture fragments
anatomical neck
surgical neck
greater and lesser tuberosity
articular surface involvement
"two part, three part, four part fx"
```
125
how to treat proximal humerus fx in elderly people
can try with screws but may need joint replacement
126
tx for humeral shaft fx
initially with coaptation splint and sling
| more often with surgery
127
what nerve injury must you worry about with a humeral shaft fx
radial
128
how to test the radial nerve
extension of wrist and fingers
| sensation of dorsum of the hand
129
fracture that is a sign of significant, high energy injury that makes you suspicious to examine chest, mediastinum, and aorta
first rib or scapula fx
130
what kind of mechanism are first rib and scapular fx associated with
decelaration injuries
131
tx for scapular fx
not much...
132
how will a shoulder dislocation present
painful, won't move shoulder
133
what must you examine before reducing a shoulder dislocation
neurovascular
134
mechanism of shoulder dislocations
falls or arm pull
135
nerve most commonly affected by shoulder dislocation
axillary
136
how to test axillary nerve
sensory of chevron area
137
second most common nerve associated with shoulder dislocations
musculocutaneous
138
innervation of musculocutaneous nerve
anteriolateral forearm sensation
| biceps
139
XRAY for soulder dislocation?
yes! unless witnessed on field
140
most shoulder dislocations anterior or posterior
anterior
141
what kind of sedation do you need for reducing shoulder dislocation
IV!...
| some people you can just talk them through it and some need the OR
142
hypocratic method
reducing shoulder with foot in the axilla and pulling straight out
143
2 other techniques of shoulder reduction
put patient in a prone position and weight their arm to create traction
manipulate scapula to put the glenoid on the humeral head
144
after reducing shoulder
sling, confirm with xrays (MUST GET LATERAL)
145
who has high risk of recurrent instability in shoulder dislocations
young people
146
when should you get elderly people moving after shoulder dislocation
4-5 days
147
most common reasons for posterior dislocations
seizures or violent muscle contraction
148
grades 1-3 of acromioclavicular dislocation
1: no displacement (AC sprain)
2: displacement about 50% but less than 100%
3: more than 100% displacement tear of AC and CC
149
tx of AC dislocation
sling, don't reduce, ice, pain meds
150
tx of residual pain from AC dislocation
mumford incision ( take out distal 1-2cm clavicle)
151
most common bursitis in shoulder
subacromial bursa
152
older patient, pain out of the blue in the anterolateral arm and shoulder
subacromial bursitis
153
tx of bursitis
anti-inflammatories, cortisone
154
secondary cause of subacromial bursitis
rotator cuff tendonitis
155
4 muscles of rotator cuff
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor
156
spectrum of rotator cuff disease
intermittent inflammation
chronic inflammation
tendinosis
tear
157
rotator cuff dz associated with what activity
overhead
158
where is the pain in impingement syndrome/rotator cuff dz
anterolateral shoulder
159
positive impingement signs (4)
neer
hawkins
painful arc
empty can
160
positive impingement test
subacromial injection of lido relieves pain
161
any reliable clinical test for full thickness tear
drop arm is the closest but not really
162
rotator cuff tx (intermittent inflammation)
```
rest
avoid overhead activities
NSAIDs
PT
steroid inj
```
163
if no relief in 6 weeks of intermittent rotator cuff inflammation what is the next step?
MRI
164
tx of rotator cuff tear
surgery if full thickness and symptomatic
165
what is an imitator of a rotator cuff dz
subluxation from subtle instability
166
mechanism of a calcaneal fx
from a fall or MVA
167
what to inspect with a calcaneal fx from a fall
follow the chain -> tibial plateau, hip, lumbar spine
168
presentation of a calcaneal fx
unable to walk, huge swelling, ecchymoses
169
tx of calcaneal fx
surgery if any displacement
170
bohler's angle
angle between front and back of calcaneous
normal 20-40
less in fx
171
poor prognosis for calcaneal fx
persistent foot pain
172
mechanism of talus fx
fall or twist
173
why are talar fx hard to dx
unseen on plain film
174
complication of talar fx
AVN of talar dome
collapse of ankle
ankle arthritis
175
worst place for talar fx
neck
176
presentation of talar fx
swelling, pain, unable to weight bare
177
best imaging for talar fx
CT
178
most common stress fx
metatarsal
179
march fx
metatarsal stress fx
180
where are metatarsal stress fx most common
2nd metatarsal
181
best test for immediate dx of metatarsal stress fx
MRI
| won't show up on xray for 10-14 days
182
tx of metatarsal stress fx
casting
183
evulsion of the base of 5th metatarsal
dancer's fx
184
transverse fx of 5th metatarsal
jones fx
185
difference between jones and dancers fx
no ligament involvement in jones
186
oblique fx of the metatarsal due to fall or twist
trauma fx
187
metatarsal fx involving the joint
neck fx
188
most common MT involved in comminuted fx
1st
189
most important toe for ambulation
1st
190
high energy injury, minimal xray signs, common in MVAs, compression fx
lisfranc dislocation
191
huge swollen foot w/o obvious pathology
lisfranc dislocation
192
medial dislocation of 1st metatarsal
lisfranc dislocation
193
which xrays do you need for lisfranc dislocation
AP
oblique
lateral
194
achilles rupture, occurs to healthy or diseased tendons
ones that have had chronic achilles tendonitis
195
comes down from jump, feels like he/she was kicked from behind
achilles rupture
196
can pts ambulate after achilles rupture
yes, but cant resume play
197
test to confirm achilles rupture
thompson sign
198
tx for achilles rupture
closed or surgery
199
which achilles tx is prefered for young people, athletes
surgical (faster recovery)
200
which tx for achilles has higher chance of re-rupture
closed
201
pain in arch and sole of the foot, pain/burning in medial ankle into arch and plantar foot
tarsal tunnel syndrome
202
dx of tarsal tunnel syndrome
EMG/NCV
203
tx of tarsal tunnel
rest, ice, NSAIDs, shoe modification
204
first few steps out of bed are very painful, better with walking around
plantar fasciitis
205
where does plantar fascia insert
calcaneus
206
tender acutely mid-plantar heel pad
plantar fasciitis
207
windlass phenomenoin
pain made worse with doriflexion of ankle and toes (plantar fasciitis)
208
tx for plantar fasciitis
```
shoe modification
rest
ice
taping
stretching
NSAIDs
maybe steroid inj
```
209
pain over 6 months of plantar fasciitis
consider surgery
210
pain in forefoot, expecially with tight foods
interdigital neuroma (morton's)
211
dx of interdigital neuroma
squeeze interspace and squeeze metatarsals together
212
where is interdigital neuroma most common
2-3 interspace of toes
213
tx of interdigital neuroma
metatarsal bar
steroid injection
some warent excision
214
flexion of PIP
hammer toes
215
flexion of PIP and DIP
claw toes
216
how long must you pin hammer or claw toes for
6-8 wks
217
first metatarsal in valgus
bunion
218
cause of bunions
```
tight shoes
adolescent bunions (genetics)
```
219
ottawa ankle xray rules
only xray if..
pain in malleolar zone on either side and any one of the following..
bone tenderness in distal 6cm of tibia or fibula
inability to bear weight both immediately and in the ER for 4 steps
220
foot xray rules
pain in midfood zone and any one of the following
bone tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal OR
bone tenderness at navicular OR
inability to bear weight immediately or in ER for 4 steps
221
fracture of distal tibia
pilon fx
222
mechanism of pilon fx
longitudinal impact
223
tx of pilon fx
surgery
224
tx of ankle fx
ORIF unless very distal (below mortise and evulsion fx)
225
bimalleolar fx
deltoid ligament disruption and distal fibular fx
226
high ankle sprain aka
maisonneuve fx
227
maisonneuve fx
deltoid injury to medial evulsion to interosseous membrane to proximal fibula fx
228
tx of maisonneuve fx
surgery
229
which ligament sprains are most common in ankle
90% are lateral
anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular
230
degree of ankle ligament sprains
1. injury w/o lengthening
2. stretching w/o failure
3. complete rupture
231
ankle sprain pain w/o instability
1st degrere
232
ankle sprain instability and echymosis
3rd degree
233
when see medial ankle sprain what do you look for
maisonneuve fx
234
tx of ankle sprains
RICE, NSAIDs, activity as tolerated, PT, brace
235
persistent pain ater sprain
talar dome injuries (chondral fx)
AVN of talus
occult fx
tendon injuries
236
best way to evaluate persistent pain after ankle sprain
MRI
| CT if you suspect fx
237
positive varus stress test
calcaneofibular ligament
238
anterior drawer test positive
anterior talofibular ligament
239
Brostrom repair
chronic instability from ankle sprain, tightens everything up
240
two fx associated with the knee
distal femur
| tibial plateau
241
tx of tibial plateu and distal femur fx
surgery
242
tx of patellar fx
fixation
243
ottawa rules for knee
```
age 55+
tenderness of fibular head
tenderness of patella
inability to flex to 90 degrees
inability to bear weight immediately or in ER
```
244
most common knee fx
lateral tibial plateu fx
245
best imaging to detect tibial plateau
CT
| lateral xray
246
most common site of open fx of tibia
distal 1/3 because poor soft tissue coverage
247
sudden increase in activity point tenderness of tibia
stress fracture (most commonly in distal 3rd of tibia)
248
three of 4 major ligaments of the knee are torn
dislocation
249
what must you carefully evaluate with knee dislocation
vasculature
| popliteal artery damage is common
250
where does popliteal artery run
along back-side of tibia
251
precaution to take with popliteal artery in a knee dislocation
artery may clot off at any time
get a vascular surgeon involved!
arteriogram to rule out intimal tear
252
overuse injury to muscle or bone in leg
shin splints
253
are shin splints a diagnosis or symptom
symptom
254
cause of most overuse injuries in leg
shin splints
255
three causes of shin pain in athletes
periostitis
tibial stress fx
chronic exertional compartment syndrome
256
inflammation where muscle attaches to bone
periostitis (most common cause of shin pain in athletes)
257
acute swelling anterior to patella and tendon
| red, hot, good ROM, pain in full flexion
pre-patellar bursitis
258
pre-patellar burisits aka
housemaid's knee
259
tx for housemaid's knee
ice, rest, NSAIDs
| may aspirate and inj steroid if resistant
260
medial ligaments of the knee
sartorius, gracillus, semitendinosis
261
bursitis caused by running
pes anserine
262
where is the pes anserine bursitis
medial knee
263
tx of pes anserine bursitis
ice, NSAIDS, change training schedule, inj if persistent
264
pain worsened with climbing stairs
pes anserine bursitis
265
jumper's knee aka
patellar tendinitis
266
disabling inflammation of patellar tendon at inferior pole of patella
patellar tendinitis
267
seen in athletes who perform repetitive jumping, running, or kicking activities
patellar tendinitis
268
pain distal to patella exacerbated by deep knee bends or stair climbing
patellar tendinitis
269
inferior patellar pain
patellar tendinitis
270
tx for patellar tendinitis
rest
NSAIDs
PT
strengthen squads and stretch hamstrings
271
steroid injections contraindicated in what knee pathology
patellar tendinitis because it may rupture
272
lateral knee pain in runners especially when going downhill
iliotibial band syndrome
273
tx for IT band syndrome
ice, nsaids, change running schedule, stretch
274
increased pressure laterally on knee and alteral patella rubs on the condyle
patellofemoral syndrome
275
who does patellofemoral syndrome occur most in
adolescent girls
276
pain, aching wien sitting with knees bent, squatting, going up stairs in an adolescent girl
patellofemoral syndrome
277
PE in patellofemoral syndrome
negative
278
pain with prolonged sitting with knee bent (theater sign)
patellofemoral syndrome
279
XRAY and MRI findings in patellofemoral syndrome
negative
280
patellofemoral syndrome tx
ice, nsaids, patellar braces or knee straps
quad strengthening
hamstring stretching
281
patellofemoral pain syndrome aka
chondromalacia patella
282
softening or destruction of cartilage on underside of patella
patellofemoral pain syndrome
283
tx for patellofemoral pain syndrome
quad strengthening (especially vastus medialis)
knee sleeve
NSAIDs
284
when do pts with patellofemoral pain syndrome need to see ortho
persistent symptoms
anatomic abnormalities
jerky painful patellar movements
285
is patellar instability short or long term
short term usually
286
how to tx recurrent dislocations of the patella
surgical realignment
287
how to dx subluxations of the patella
abnormal Q angle
288
Q angle
angle between the longitudinal axis of the quads and the patellar tendon
289
anterior knee pain in adolescents worsens with running or squatting
osgood schlatter's
290
tenderness directly over the tibial tubercle, remainder of knee normal
osgood- schlatters
291
xray findings for osgood schlatters
nonezo
292
traction apophysis
.... no idea
293
toddler's fx
sudden twisting of tibia
294
most common fx of toddler's & preschoolers
tibia fx
295
suden refusal to bear weight or walk
| swelling and warmth over fx site
toddler's fx
296
tx for toddler's fx
long leg cast 3-4 wks
297
are kids more likely to have a fx or ligament injury
fracture
298
```
pain
decreased ROM
edema
fever
red, hot, swollen
```
osteomyelitis
299
most common sites of bony malignnacy
long bones
distal femur
proximal tibia
300
tx for combined ligament injury
surgery for one (usually ACL or PCL)
301
unhappy triad of o'donoghue
ACL tear
MCL tear
medial meniscus tear
302
tx for unahppy triad of o'donoghue
reconstruct ACL, debride or repair meniscus
303
MCL or LCL more commonto tear
MCL
304
force that tears MCL
outside force
305
force that tears LCL
inside force
306
tx of isolated collateral ligament tears
closed, even in 3rd degree
| brce with early ROM
307
how soon can one return to play after collateral ligament tear
6-8 wks
308
backwards force on knee, dashboard injury, fall on bent knee, extreme hyperextension, falling on bent knee
PCL tear
309
does PCL tear cause instability or disability
disability
310
exam to dx PCL tear
posterior drawer
311
long term complication of PCL tear
arthritis
312
ACL's job
stabilizes tibia from coming forward on femur
313
mechanism of ACL
non-contact
| pivoting
314
can people resume the game after ACL tear
no
315
what happens an hour or two after ACL tear
huge hemarthrosis
316
other causes of hemarthrosis besides ACL
fx
peripheral meniscus tear
capsular tears
317
PE for ACL tear
lachman and anterior drawer
318
best test that tells you whether ACL is torn or not
lachman
319
best test to tell you if one is ACL dependent or independent
pivot shift test
320
is MRI good or bad for ACL
okay, but since ACL is in the oblique plain it sometimes misses it
321
ACL tear tx
1/3 need surgery (reconstruction)
| either autologous or allograft
322
how long does it take to rehab from ACL tear
about 6 months
323
who does meniscus tears occur in?
young athletes with contact injuries
| older people because cartilage stiffens
324
most common torn meniscus
medial
325
which meniscus most common to be torn with ACL tear
lateral
326
can one go back into the game after a meniscus tear?
yes
327
which meniscus is fixed
medial
328
where is pain with a meniscus tear
posteromedial
| with extension and flexion
329
PE tests you can use for meniscus tear
McMurrays
| apply's distraction
330
best dx tool for meniscus tear
MRI
331
locked knee with tear
meniscus from bucket handle tear lflipping to the front of knee
332
when does hemarthrosis occur with mensicus tear
next day
