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PC 1 > Ortho > Flashcards

Ortho Flashcards

1
Q

Compression fx

A
  • Common in vertebrae, 1 bone against other
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2
Q

Comminuted fx

A

3 + fragments of fracture

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3
Q

Transverse fx

A

Perpendicular to long bone axis

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4
Q

Oblique fx

A

Slanted on shaft of long bone

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5
Q

Greenstick

A

Incomplete twisting, usually in children

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6
Q

Torus/ buckle fx

A

Compression of cortex- bulging of cortical bone

- Distal portion of radius

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7
Q

Soft tissue injuries

A
  • Control hemorrhage
  • Test PV and nerves distal
  • Test joints
  • Exposures, rhabdo
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8
Q

Ottawa knee rules

A

> 55

  • Isolated patellar tenderness
  • Fibular tenderness
  • Unable to flex knee to 90
  • Unable to bear weight
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9
Q

Ottawa ankle rules

A
  • 5th metatarsal
  • Navicular
  • Posterior malleoli- lat and med
    • inability to bear weight
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10
Q

Gout- Sx

A

1 joint, lE, 1st metatarsal MC

  • Exquisite tenderness and erythema
  • Urate crystals
  • Negatively birefringent, needle shaped urate crystals
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11
Q

Gout- Tx

A
  • NSAIDs- Indomethacin
  • Colchicine (acute & chronic)
  • Allopurinol
  • Low purine diet
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12
Q

Pseudogout- Sx

A
  • Calcium pyrophosphate deposition
  • Acute, recurrent arthritis- knees and wrists
  • Rhomboid shaped crystals, positivly birefringent
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13
Q

Pseudogout- Tx

A
  • Intrarticular steroids

- NSAIDs, cholchicine

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14
Q

OA- Sx

A
  • Weight bearing joints,
  • Stiffness decreases with rest
  • Best in AM, worst in PM
  • Heberden nodule at DIP
  • Bouchard nodule at PIP
  • Imaging- narrow joint space, osteophyte formation
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15
Q

OA- Tx

A

NSAIDs, steroid injections

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16
Q

Drugs that induce hyperuricemia

A
  • Loop & thiazide diuretics
  • Aspirin
  • Immunosuppressants- cyclosporine and tacrolimus
  • Niacin
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17
Q

Hyperextension of C spine- MOA, Sx

A

Whiplash

  • Neck pain
  • Weakness, numbness, tingling
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18
Q

Hyperextension of C spine- Tx

A

RICE, PT, NSAID

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19
Q

Disc herniation- MOA/ Sx

A

L5-S1

  • Degenerative or heavy lifting
  • Back pain with sitting, numbers or weakness
  • Worst at level of affected disc
  • Cauda eqina
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20
Q

Disc herniation- Tx

A
  • Bed rest, NSAIDs, injections, repair
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21
Q

Acute lumbosacral strain- MOA/ Sx

A

Poor lifting

  • Pain and spasm in lower back muscles
  • Dec. ROM
  • No neuro changes
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22
Q

Acute lumbosacral strain- Tx

A
  • PT

- Brief bed rest

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23
Q

Bicipital tenosynovitis- MOA, Sx

A
  • Inflammation of long head bicep tendon
  • Pain with lifting, anterior shoulder
  • Yergason test
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24
Q

Bicipital tenosynovitis- Tx

A

PT, steroids

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25
Q

Rotator cuff tendonitis- MOA, Sx

A
  • Pain with overhead activities, internal rotation
  • Pain in front of shoulder
  • Neer and Hawkins
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26
Q

Rotator cuff rupture- MOA, Sx

A

MC shoulder pain

  • Trauma & overuse
  • Weakness, atrophy and pain
    • empty can, drop arm test
  • Full PROM
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27
Q

Rotator cuff rupture- DX/ Tx

A
  • MRI

- Rehab, NSAIDs, steroids, surgery

28
Q

Subacromial bursitis- MOA/ Sx

A
  • Acutely painful, swelling and focal tenderness

- Full ROM

29
Q

Subacromial bursitis- Dx, Tx

A
  • Aspiration

- Heat, rest, NSAIDs, steroids

30
Q

Lateral epicondylitis- MOA, Sx

A
  • Tennis elbow
  • Tenderness of lateral epicondyle
  • Pain with extension
31
Q

Medial epicondylitis- MOA, Sx

A
  • Golfers elbow
  • Pain with flexion, pronation, pulling activities
  • Medial epicondyle tenderness
32
Q

Epicondylitis- Tx

A
  • PT
  • RICE
  • Braces
33
Q

Olecranon bursitis- MOA, Sx

A

Trauma, gout, inflammation

  • Abrupt goose egg swelling
  • Boggy, tender, red
  • Limited flexion
34
Q

Olecranon bursitis- Tx

A

Heat, rest NSAIDs

- Aspiration if suspicions

35
Q

Carpal tunnel- MOA, Sx

A
  • Median nerve entrapment neuropathy
  • Pain & paresthesias, worse at night
  • Thumb, pointer, middle fingers
  • Thenar hypertrophy
36
Q

Carpal tunnel- Dx, tx

A
    • tinel and phalen
  • Volar splint
  • NSAIDS
  • Surgery
37
Q

Ganglion cyst- MOA, Sx

A
  • Synovial outpouching
  • At wrist, flexor sheath
  • Movable, compressible mass
  • Tx: Steroid injection with aspiration
38
Q

DeQuervian tenosynovitis- MOA, sx

A
  • Inflammation of abductor pollicus longus, extensor pollicus brevis
  • Repetitive thumb use- gripping
  • Pain along radial aspect radiates to forearm
39
Q

DeQuervian tenosynovitis- Dx, Tx

A
    • Finkelstein

- Thumb spica splint, NSAIDs, steroids

40
Q

Ulnar nerve entrapment- MOA, SX

A
  • Pinky & ring finger paresthesias

- Medial elbow pain, worse with flexion

41
Q

Ulnar nerve entrapment- Dx, Tx

A
    • tinel sign at elbow
  • Pain worse with flexion
  • Wrist immobilization, NSAIDs
42
Q

Duputren contracture- MOA, SX

A
  • Genetic, men 40-60
  • Fixed flexion at MCP- 4th & 5th
  • Nodule over crease, painful
43
Q

Duputren contracture- Dx, Tx

A
  • Clinical dx
  • Steroid injections
  • PT, surgical correction
44
Q

Finger/ wrist sprain

A
  • Pain at ligament insertion site
  • Joint laxity
  • Tx: immobilzation,
45
Q

Trochanteric bursitis- MOA, Sx

A

Local, acutely swollen at trochanter

- Heat, rest, NSAIDs, steroids

46
Q

Medial meniscus- MOA, Sx

A
  • Repeated use, micro trauma
  • Pain, clicking and locking
  • Antalgic gait, difficulty squatting
47
Q

Medial meniscus- Dx, Tx

A
  • MRI
  • McMurray test- click with external rotation and varus stress
  • Analgesics and PT
48
Q

Chondromalacia patellae- MO, Sx

A
  • Runners knee- repetitive use
  • Softening/ fissureing of patellar articular cartilage
  • Anterior knee pain BEHIND patella
  • Worse with flexion
49
Q

Chondromalacia patellae- Dx, Tx

A
  • Apprehension, patellar grind

- PT- quad strengthing, NSAIDS, brace

50
Q

Baker’s cyst- MOA, Sx

A

Synovial fluid effusion at popliteal fossa- d/t meniscal tear
- Acing, clicking, locking of knee

51
Q

Baker’s cyst- Dx, Tx

A

US

- Ice, NSAIDs, steroids

52
Q

ACL- MOA, Sx

A
  • MC knee injury
  • Pivoting
  • Loud pop, swelling
  • Non-weight bearing
  • Stiff knee
53
Q

ACL- Dx, Tx

A
  • Lachman test
  • MRI
  • Surgery or therapy
54
Q

PCL- MOA, Sx

A
  • Force to flexed knee

- Large effusion, anterior brusing

55
Q

PCL- Dx, Tx

A
  • Posterior drawer
  • MRI
  • Immobilization, Surgery
56
Q

MCL/ LCL- MOA, Sx

A
  • MCL- Valgus stress with rotation
  • LCL- Varus stress with rotation
  • Pain, swelling, siffness
57
Q

MCL/ LCL- Dx, Tx

A
  • Sprain or incomplete tear- Control pain, PT, RICE, NSAIDS

- Complete tear- Surgical

58
Q

Hallux valgus- MOA, Sx

A
  • Bunion deformity
  • Pain, at 1st metatarsal with lateral deviation
  • Tx: Wide toe box, surgical correction
59
Q

Hammertoe- MOA, Sx

A

PIP deformity- inflexion

  • DIP and MTP hyperextended
  • Pain
  • Wear larger shoes
60
Q

Ankle sprain- MOA, Sx, Tx

A
  • Anterior talofibular ligament MC
  • Eversion = deltoid ligament
  • Pop, swelling, pain
  • RICE, NSAIDs, strengthening
61
Q

Stress fracture- MOA, Sx

A
  • 3rd metatarsal

- Insideous onset of local, achy pain, swelling and tenderness

62
Q

Stress fx- Dx, Tx

A
  • XR- 50% will not be seen

- RICE, NSAIDs, splint

63
Q

Plantar fasciitis- MOA, Sx

A
  • Inflammation of aponeurosis d/t overuse- flat foot, heel spur
  • Tenderness, heel pain
  • Worst in with first few steps
64
Q

Plantar fasciitis- Dx, Tx

A

RICE, support, NSAIDs

65
Q

Morton neuroma- MOA, Sx

A

Degeneration of plantar nerve- high heels

  • Painful mass near tarsal head at plantar surface
  • Pain with palpation, squeezing forefoot
66
Q

Morton neuroma- Dx, Tx

A
  • Pain in webspaces

- Wide shoes, steroid injection

PC 1 (12 decks)

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