Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PC 1 > Skin, hair and nails > Flashcards

Skin, hair and nails Flashcards

1
Q

KOH

A
  • Fungal infections
  • KOH, wait 20-30 min
  • Presence of hyphae or spores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gram stain

A
  • Bacterial infection
  • Gram +/-
  • May determine abx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wet mount

A
  • BV or trichamonas
  • BV = clue cells
  • Trich = flagella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Woods light

A
  • Black light to ID infxn

- Vitiligo, accentuated margins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acetowhitening

A
  • Warts

- Acetic acid turns warts white, better on mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Shave biopsy

A
  • Low suspicition of melanoma

- Using razor blade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Punch biopsy

A

Removal of core tissue, sample into deep dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Excisional biopsy

A
  • Large, deep lesions

- Need to remove entire lesion- Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Incisional biopsy

A
  • Small portion removed and sent to pathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Liquid nitrogen- Indication

A

Seborrheic and actinitc keratosis, warts

- Lesions where surgery unnecessary/ favorable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Liquid nitrogen- Application

A
  • Spray in circular pattern,

- Allow to unfreeze and repeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Liquid nitrogen- AE

A

Pigment change, scarring, alopecia, nerve damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Macule

A

Flat,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Patch

A

Flat, > 1 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Papule

A

Raised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Plaque

A

Elevated, circumscribed, > 1 cm, can be confluence of papules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Vesicle

A

collection of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bulla

A

> 0.5 cm collection of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Wheal

A

Itchy, pink swelling,

transient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Nodule

A

Circumscribe, palpable lesion

- > 1 cm, demis and epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pustule

A

Circumscribed collection of leukocytes

- Can turn to be furuncle or carbuncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Crust

A

Dried exudate

- Serous, purulent or hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Purpura

A

Non-blanching, extraversion of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fissure

A

Linear loss of epidermis and dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Petichiae

A

Pinpoint purpuric lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Keloid

A

Scarring that exceeds size of original injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Scar

A

CT formation, dermal damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of thickness to dermis

Does not scar in mucus membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Atrophy

A

Thinning of skin, loss of subQ

Wrinkling and translucency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Erosion

A

Focal loss of epidermis,

- No scarring, does not penetrate dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Scale

A

Excess epidermal cells, abnormal keritization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Milia

A

Small, white yellow cysts, common in infatns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Blaschko’s lines

A

Non-random cutaneous distribution pattern of skin lesion or pigment abnormalities arising from embryogenesis and mosaicism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Seborrheic keratoses- Eti

A
  • Fair skinned, elderly, prolonged sun exposure

- Benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Seborrheic keratoses- Sx

A
  • Stuck on appearance

- Small plaque, velvety tan, flesh clolored

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Seborrheic keratoses- Tx

A

Cryo to remove

- No tx needed, cosmetic removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Atypical nevi- Eti

A
  • People with lots of moles
  • Fried egg appearance in sun exposed areas
  • Indistinct borders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Malignant melanoma- Eti

A
  • UV radiation
  • Fair skinned, light hair/ eyes
  • Very aggressive, high rate of METS
  • Most common skin cancer death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Malignant melanoma- Sx

A 
Asymmetry
Irregular borders
- Blue to black color
- > 6 mm
- Change in appearance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Malignant melanoma- Dx/ Tx

A
  • Full thickness excision

- Skin exams q 6 mo x 5 years, q 3 mo with multiple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis- Eti

A
  • Unclear, high sebaceous glands
  • Scalp, face, brows, body folds
  • Adult men
  • Lifelong recurrence and outbreaks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis- Sx

A
  • Infants- cradle cap

- Erythematous greasy plaques with fine white scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis- Tx

A

Selenium sulfide, ketoconazole

- topical steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Dermatofibroma- Sx

A
  • Firm, hyper pigmented nodules
  • Dimple when squeezed
  • Benign
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

MRSA- Sx, Dx

A
  • Erythema, induration, drainage and abscess, boils

- Wound culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

MRSA- Tx

A
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxy or minocycline
  • TMP-sulfa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Erythrasma- Eti

A
  • Chronic, superficial Corynebacterium minutissimum infxn
  • Gram +
  • Old, obese, DM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Erythrasma- Sx

A
  • Intertriginous areas, web spaces, axilla
  • Sharply marginated patch- tan to pink
  • Maceration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Erythrasma- Dx

A

Woods lamp- Coral red florescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Erythrasma- Tx

A

Benzoyl peroxide wash

- Clinda or erythromycin lotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Scabies- Eti

A
  • Sarcptes scabiei infestation

- Skin to skin contact, fomites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Scabies- Sx

A
  • Intensley pruritic red papules with linear burrows

- Intertriginous zones, web spaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Scabies- Dx

A

Skin scraping- mites or eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Scabies- Tx

A
  • Permetharin (elimite)
  • Lidane
  • Wash bedding, towels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Skin tags

A
  • Pedunculated, fleshy papules
  • May indicate insulin resistance
  • Elective removal- cryo
56
Q

Herpes simplex- Eti

A
  • Skin to skin contact of lesions
57
Q

Herpes simplex- Sx

A

Burning, stinging, painful prodrome

- Recurrent grouped vesicles on erythematous base

58
Q

Herpes simplex- Dx

A

Tzanck smear

- Serology, ELISA

59
Q

Herpes simplex- Tx

A

Acyclovir, valacyclovir or famicyclovir

60
Q

Varicella zoster- Eti

A
  • varicella zoster virus
  • Highly contagious
  • Immie available
61
Q

Varicella zoster- Sx

A
  • Dew drop on rose petal
  • Intensely pruritic, contagious
  • Papule -> vesivle -> crust
62
Q

Varicella zoster- Tx

A

Acyclovir w/in 24 hrs

- Sx relief

63
Q

Herpes zoster- Eti

A
  • Reactivation of varicella zoster

- Trauma, stress, immunosuppression

64
Q

Herpes zoster- Sx

A

Tingling, follows dermatome

- Vesicles on erythematous base

65
Q

Herpes zoster- Tx

A
  • Zostavax > 60

- valacyclovir or famciclovir

66
Q

Dyshidrotic eczema- Eti

A

Sweating, stress, warm weather, metals

67
Q

Dyshidrotic eczema- Sx

A
  • “Tapioca pudding” tense vesicles on palms, soles and lateral digits
  • Pruritic, deep seated
68
Q

Dyshidrotic eczema- Tx

A
  • Topical steroid ointment
69
Q

Atopic dermatitis- Eti

A
  • Allergic rhinitis, allergy, asthma
  • Childhood, Increased IgE
  • Flares in winter, M>W
70
Q

Atopic dermatitis- Sx

A
  • Poorly defined erythematous, edematous blisters, that crust and scale
  • Lichenification
  • Pruritus- scratch/ itch cycle
  • Flexor creases
71
Q

Atopic dermatitis- Tx

A

Hydration w/ wet dressings, emollients

  • Calcinurin (tacrolimus)
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Anti-histamines
72
Q

Actinic keratosis- Eti

A

Fair skinned elderly with prolonged sun exposure

- Pre-malignant condition- SCC

73
Q

Actinic keratosis- Sx

A
  • Sandpaper skin- dry, rough scale

- Hyperkeratotic skin horns

74
Q

Actinic keratosis- Tx

A

Obs, cryo surgery

Topical 5-FU

75
Q

Pityriasis rosea- Eti

A

Children, you’d women

- Assoc with viral infections

76
Q

Pityriasis rosea- Sx

A
  • Herald patch and white circular/ collateral scaling in christmas tree distribution
  • Pruritic
  • Trunk and prox extremeties
77
Q

Pityriasis rosea- Dx/ Tx

A

None needed, symptoms mgmt of pruritus

78
Q

Sebaceous cyst- Sx

A
  • Non-painful lump with foul smelling, greyish white cheesy exudate
79
Q

Sebaceous cyst- Tx

A
  • Drainage or nothing

- Recurr unless removal of cyst sac

80
Q

Psoriasis- Eti

A
  • Chronic, multisystem immune inflammatory response

- Genetic

81
Q

Psoriasis- Sx

A

Raised erythematous plaques with silver/ white scale
- Extensor surfaces
- Nail pitting or oil spots
- Arthritis- Sausage fingers, pencil in cup deformity
- Auspitz sign- punctate bleeding at with plaque removal
Koebner phenomenon- Lesions at line of trauma

82
Q

Psoriasis- Tx

A
  • Phototx- UVB
  • Topical high potency steroids
  • Vit D analogs and retinoids
  • Methotrexate or immune agents
83
Q

Erysipelas- Eti

A
  • Superficial cellulitis

- Beta heme strep

84
Q

Erysipelas- Sx

A
  • On cheeks, superficial
  • Edematous, spreading, circumscribed erythematous area
  • Noticiable advances of margin w/in hours
  • Pain, chills, fever and toxicity
85
Q

Erysipelas- Tx

A
  • Elevated bed
  • Penicillin VK
  • Erythromycin if allergic
86
Q

Cellulitis- eti

A
  • Gram +
87
Q

Cellulitis- Sx

A
  • Pain a lesion site
  • Malaise, chills, fever
  • Edematous, warm spreading plaque
  • lymphangitis and lymphadenopathy
88
Q

Cellulitis- Tx

A
  • IV or parenteral abx

- Dicloxacillin or cephalexin

89
Q

Contact dermatitis- Eti

A

Irritant (MC) or allergic rxn

90
Q

Contact dermatitis- Sx

A
  • Erythema, edema and pruritis followed by vesicles and bullae
  • Weeping, crusting
  • Bizzare patterns
91
Q

Contact dermatitis- Tx

A
  • Corticosteroids- high potency topicals
  • systemic if really bad
  • Calamine for itch
92
Q

Folliculitis- Eti

A
  • Superficial follicle infxn
  • Staph Aureus
  • Cluster of papules/ pustules with erythema
93
Q

Folliculitis- Tx

A
  • Mupirocin topical, alcohol with AlCl

- Dicloxacillin

94
Q

Acne vulgaris- Eti

A
  • Adolescent males

- Propionbacterium acnes

95
Q

Acne vulgaris- Sx

A
  • Sore comedones, papulopustules, nodules and cysts
96
Q

Acne vulgaris- Tx

A
  • Mild: Topical reninoid, benzoyl peroxide, topical abx, OCPs
  • Moderate: + systemic abx- clinda or erythro, spironolactone
  • Accutane if severe
97
Q

Rosacea- Eti

A
  • Inflammatory acniform disorder

- ETOH, heat

98
Q

Rosacea- Sx

A

Episodic flushing, erythema, telangiectasis on face, red eyes
- No comedones

99
Q

Rosacea- Tx

A

Topical metronidazole

PO doxy or tetracycline

100
Q

Furuncle- Eti

A

S. aureus, necrotizing folliculits

101
Q

Furuncle- Sx

A

Tender nodule with fluctuant abscess, central plug, surrounding cellulitis

102
Q

Furuncle- Tx

A

I&D, heat compress

103
Q

Tineas- Eti

A

Fungal ifxn- microsporum, trichophyton or epidermopyton

104
Q

Tinea capitus- Sx

A
  • Annular, scaling lesion, broken hair shaft

- Hair loss w/ black dots, erythema

105
Q

Tinea capitus- Tx

A

Griseofluvin

106
Q

Tinea barbae- Sx

A

Severe inflammatory papules, pastures around beard hair

107
Q

Tinea barbae- Tx

A

Griseofluvin

108
Q

Tinea corporis- Sx

A
  • Annular erythematous plaques w/ central clearing

- Scaling

109
Q

Tinea corporis- Tx

A

Topical antifungal 1-2 weeks post clearing

110
Q

Tinea cruris

A
  • Jock itch- Scale and inflammation, pruritic

- Topical antifungal

111
Q

Tinea versicolor

A
  • Fungal infxn
  • Velvety tan, pink or brown patches
  • No scale
112
Q

Tinea versicolor- Dx

A

Spagetti and meatballs

113
Q

Tinea versicolor-Tx

A

Topical selenium sulfide or ketoconazole

114
Q

Tinea unguium/ onchomycosis

A
  • Brittle, yellow, opaque, hypertrophic nail beds

- Great toe MC

115
Q

Tinea unguium/ onchomycosis- Tx

A

Grisofulvin, terbenafine or itraconazole

116
Q

Tinea pedis- Sx

A
  • Athlete’s foot, trichtophyton
  • Itchy, burning scale on feet
  • Moccasin foot
117
Q

Tinea pedis- Tx

A
  • Topical azole or turbinafine, aluminum subacetate
118
Q

Candidiasis

A
  • Esophageal- odynophagia
  • Vaginal- itching, cottage cheese discharge
  • Tx- fluconazole
119
Q

Molluscum contagesousum

A
  • Poxvirus
  • Dome shaped papule with umbilicated center
  • Self limiting
120
Q

Verrucae

A
  • AKA, warts, HPV

Tx with cryo, salicylic acid

121
Q

Basal cell- Sx

A
  • Most common skin CA
  • Pearly white, dome shaped papule
  • Telangiectasia
122
Q

Basal cell- Tx

A

electrodessication or curettage, cryo, etc

- METs rare

123
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma- Sx

A
  • Preceeded by actinic keratosis
  • Central ulceration
  • Red, elevated nodule white scales, crusted lesions
124
Q

SCC- Tx

A

Excision

125
Q

Lichen planus- Sx

A
  • Flat topped papules, fine white striae,
  • Flexoral surfaces
    Wickham striae
  • Tx: high potency steroids
126
Q

Hidradentitis suppurativa- Sx

A

Inflammatory nodules on axilla, inguinal area d/t blockage

- Tx- topical clincamycin

127
Q

Sunburn

A
  • Sharply marginated erythema
  • Blistering, heat, no rash
  • NSAIDs, aloe, hydration, hospital
128
Q

Dematoheliosis

A

Repeated sun exposure

  • Deep wrinkling, yellow to purple hue
  • Atrophy, hypertrophy
129
Q

Drug, chemical photosensitivity

A
  • Extreme itch, eczematous eruption on sun exposed areas
130
Q

Topical phototoxic dermatitis

A

Drugs + sun

- Appears like contact dermatitis

131
Q

Phytophotdermatitis

A

Erythema, edema and vesicles in bizzare streaks

132
Q

Polymorphous light eruption

A
  • Hypersensativity rxn

- pruritus, paresthesia papulovesicles for 7-10 days

133
Q

Porphyria

A
  • Fragile skin d/t urogen deficieny
  • TEnse bullae on normal skin
  • Milia on dorsa of hands, feet, scalp
  • Pink urine
134
Q

Permethrin

A

lice and scabies

- AE: burning, pruritis

135
Q

Crotamiton (eurax)

A

Scabies only

- AE: allergic dermatitis

136
Q

Acne oral abx

A

Moderate to severe acne:
Tetracycline
Minocycline
Erythromycin

PC 1 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions