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OrthoExam1Material Flashcards

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1
Q

Headgear is focused on _______ growth of the maxilla and therefore attempts to correct a class __ situation

A

INHIBITING…Class II

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2
Q

A protection facemask is focused on ______ growth of the maxilla and therefore attempts to correct a class __ situation

A

ENCOURAGING…Class III

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3
Q

What are the two instruments aimed at increasing transverse dimension (for crossbites/narrow palates)?

A

1.Quad helix 2.Rapid Palatal Expander

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4
Q

Typically in the mandible we try to _______ growth and it is usually a class __ situation when we use functional appliances.

A

encourage growth…class II

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5
Q

What are 4 examples of functional appliances aimed at encouraging growth of the mandible in class II situations?

A

1.Frankl 2.herbst 3.Bionator 4.twin block

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6
Q

Treating a patient to get them to “ideal” class I usually requires a fixed or removable appliance?

A

fixed

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7
Q

EXAM QUESTION!!! What amount of spacing (in mm) is generally the standard for going with extractions to fix crowding??

A

MORE than 10mm

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8
Q

EXAM QUESTION!!! What amount of spacing (in mm) is generally the standard for going with interproximal reduction to fix crowding??

A

LESS than 5mm

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9
Q

What are three ways we can create space without extracting??

A

1.distalize molars 2.procline incisors 3.expand the palate

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10
Q

Premolars are the most often tooth chosen for extraction to make room, what other tooth is sometimes the choice?

A

incisors

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11
Q

Which movement of the incisors can give more room in the arch? How does it accomplish this task?

A

Proclining the incisors increases the radius of the arch, thus increasing arch length

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12
Q

What are the two examples of palatal expanders given? How do they work?

A

Quad Helix and Hyrax..they increase the radius of the arch thus increasing the arch length

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13
Q

MAJOR indicators for ortho extractions: facial type

A

DOL-i-Co-Facial (long face-DOL-berg)

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14
Q

MAJOR indicators for ortho extractions: incisor angulation

A

proclined

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15
Q

MAJOR indicators for ortho extractions: crowding

A

severe (greater than or equal to 10mm)

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16
Q

MAJOR indicators for ortho extractions: profile

A

protruded/convex

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17
Q

MINOR indicators for ortho extractions: curve of spee

A

moderate to severe

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18
Q

MINOR indicators for ortho extractions: molar relationship

A

class II or class III

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19
Q

What is the typical tx to camouflage?

A

Ext upper OR lower PMs (not both)

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20
Q

Which facial profile outline is considered “normal”?

A

slightly convex

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21
Q

What are three landmarks used to determine a facial profile (soft tissue)?

A

1.Glabella 2.Subnason 3.Po-gon-ion

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22
Q

What is the “normal” range for the nasolabial angle?

A

90-95 degrees (above is obtuse, below acute)

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23
Q

What is considered a “normal” labiomental angle?

A

110 degrees (more obtuse, less acute)

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24
Q

What is it called when the lips do not close at rest? What is it called when the lips are strained to close over the teeth?

A

lip incompetence, mentalis strain

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25
***The 4 main landmarks***: Where is the A point?
most CONCAVE portion of the premaxilla
26
***The 4 main landmarks***: Where is the B point?
most CONCAVE portion of the mental symphasis
27
***The 4 main landmarks***: Besides the A and B points, what are the other two landmarks used?
the sella turcica and the nason
28
What is the normal angle for the SNA? What are the classifications above and below that angle?
82degrees...above-class II max protrusion...below-class III max retrusion
29
What is the normal angle for the SNB? What are the classifications above and below that angle?
80degrees...above class III mand protrusion..below mand retrusion
30
***TEST Q: What is a BOLTON descrepency?
when the WIDTH of the teeth cause a problem with the relation of the upper and lower teeth (peg laterals or missing laterals)
31
In a DENTAL class I occlusion: ______ of maxillary 1st molar occludes with ______ of mandibular 1st molar
MB cusp.....B groove
32
IN a DENTAL class I occlusion: the cusp of the maxillary canine occludes in WHICH embrasure???
mand canine-1st PM embrasure (DISTAL to mand canine)
33
Dental Class II occlusion-MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar | occludes ______ to the B groove of mandibular 1st molar
MESIAL
34
Dental Class II occlusion-Cusp of maxillary canine | occludes ______ to the mandibular canine-1st premolar embrasure
MESIAL
35
``` Dental class III occlusion-MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar occludes _______ to the B groove of mandibular 1st molar ```
DISTAL
36
``` Dental class III occlusion- Cusp of maxillary canine occludes ______ to the mandibular canine-1st premolar embrasure ```
DISTAL
37
Finally someone teaches us this!!! Class II Occlusion-Incisor Divisions!!! Describe class II division I...
when the incisors are PROCLINED like this: \
38
Finally someone teaches us this!!! Class II Occlusion-Incisor Divisions!!! Describe class II division II...
when the incisors are RECLINED like this: / (Tiffany)
39
A positive overjet occurs in which two occlusal classifications?
Class I and II
40
A negative overjet occurs in which occlusal classification?
Class III
41
What is a "Brodie Bite"?
Complete Posterior Crossbite
42
What % overbite is considered 'normal'? What % is edge to edge or open? What percent is considered DEEP?
10%-normal...0% edge to edge or open (less than 0%)...DEEP-40%plus
43
What is a BOLTON discrepancy NOT considered??
it is NOT an arch length discrepancy....(it is only a tooth width discrepancy)
44
What is the most common supernumerary tooth?
mesiodens
45
Missing teeth: Most COMMON missing teeth are usually the most _____ of the set..what are the three examples?
DISTAL...lateral incisors, 2nd PMs, 3rd molars
46
Which Ceph is most used in ortho?
lateral ceph (saggital and vertical planes
47
Which ceph shows the SAGITTAL plane?
Lateral
48
Which ceph shows the VERTICAL plane?
PA ceph
49
Which ceph shows the TRANSVERSE plane?
PA ceph
50
What is occuring in a HYPOdivergent situation? (2)
1. Pt is Brachyfacial and the 2.SN-GoGn angle is SMALL
51
What is occuring in a normodivergent situation? (1)
pt is MESOfacial (SN-GoGn is a 'normal' angle)
52
What is the standard SN-GoGn angle to determine skeletal facial patterns? Which pattern occurs GREATER than this angle?
32degrees (that COLD)...GoGn-SN GREATER THAN 32deg = DOLICHOfacial ((HYPERdivergent...Dr. DOLBERG is a hyper guy))
53
Which skeletal facial pattern occurs with hypodivergent GoGn-SN angles?
brachyfacial, less than 32deg(FREEZING!!)
54
**Landmarks** What's at the center of the pituitary fossa?
Sella Turcica
55
**Landmarks** What is the lowest point on the lower margin of the orbit?
Orbitale
56
**Landmarks** What is the jxn of the nasal and frontal bones?
Nasion
57
**Landmarks** What is the anterior margin of the foramen magnum?
Basion
58
**Landmarks** What is the superior point of the external auditory meatus?
POR-ion (pour the sound in your ears)
59
**Landmarks** What is the opaque circle created by the metal insert in ceph ear rods?
machine/mechanical porion
60
**Landmarks** What is the tip of the anterior nasal spine of the maxilla? **Important**
Anterior nasal spine (ANS)
61
**Landmarks** What is the tip of the posterior spine of the palatine bone?
PNS-posterior nasal spine
62
**Landmarks** PLEASE dont get this wrong...A-Point: Most ______ portion of premaxilla
CONCAVE
63
**Landmarks**PLEASE dont get this wrong...B-Point: Most ______ portion of symphysis
CONCAVE
64
**Landmarks** What is the most anterior portion of symphysis?
POG-on-ion (Pog)
65
**Landmarks** What is the point midway between Pogonion and Menton?
Gnathion (Gn)
66
**Landmarks** What is the lowermost portion of mand. symphysis?
MENTON (M)
67
**Landmarks** What is the most inferior posterior portion of the angle of the mandible?
Gonion (Go)
68
**Landmarks** What is the most anterior upper central incisor?
U1
69
**Landmarks** What is the most anterior lower central incisor?
L1
70
**Landmarks** What is the upper permanent first molar?
U6
71
**Landmarks** What is the lower permanent first molar?
L6
72
What are the two landmarks that make up the FRANKFORT Horizontal Plane?
Porion to the Orbital (want to have parallel to floor in Ceph)
73
What two landmarks determine the mandibular plane?
Gonion to Gnathion
74
****The occlusal plane bisects which 2 landmarks?
the 1st molars and the overbite of the incisors
75
**Know these #s**...the Esthetic plane (E-plane) What are the two soft tissue landmarks?
Tip of nose to tip of soft tissue chin
76
**Know these #s**...the Esthetic plane (E-plane) The upper lip should fall ___ mm behind the E-line
4mm
77
**Know these #s**...the Esthetic plane (E-plane) The lower lip should fall __ mm behind
2mm
78
Which landmark is considered our NORTH STAR because it does not morph much during growth and development???
Anterior Cranial Base
79
Saggital position of the upper jaw...How far forward or backward is the maxilla positioned relative to the ________
anterior cranial base (NORTH STAR)
80
The SNA Evaluates A-P position of the maxilla relative to the _______
cranial base (SN)
81
Which measurement is the difference between | SNA and SNB indicates the amount of skeletal jaw discrepancy?
ANB
82
What is the standard angle of the ANB? What are the angles for Class II and III?
standard is 2degrees...less than 2deg-class III, greater than 2 deg-class II
83
What is the standard angle for the occlusal plane to SN? What are the angles for Class II and III?
14deg...greater than 14-dolichofacial...less than 14-brachyfacial
84
Relationship of the Upper Incisor to the NA Line: U1-NA (mm)..what is the standard distance? What are the terms for above and below this distance
4mm-normal...greater than protrusive...less than retrusive
85
Relationship of the Upper Incisor to the NA Line: what is the standard ANGLE? What are the terms for above and below this angle?
22degrees...greater than 22-proclined...less than-retroclined
86
Relationship of the Lower Incisor to the NB line: What is the NORMAL distance? What are the terms to describe distances above and below this?
4mm. more than 4mm=protrusive mand....less than 4mm=retrusive mand
87
Relationship of the lower incisor to the NB line: what is the NORMAL angle? What are the terms for above and below this angle?
25 deg....greater than 25 is proclined...less than 25 is retroclined
88
What is the NORMAL interincisal angle? What are the terms for above and below that angle?
131degrees...greater than-UPRIGHT incisors...less than PROCLINED incisors

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