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Neuro > Orthotics > Flashcards

Orthotics Flashcards

1
Q

Ankle/Foot

A

external foot orthoses
air cast
AFO

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2
Q

Knee

A

KAFO
swedish knee cage
braces

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3
Q

Hip

A

HKAFO

RGO

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4
Q

spinal orthoses

A 
LSO
TLSO
lumbar corset
cerivical
-soft collars
- philadelphia collar
- aspen collar
- HALO
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5
Q

external foot orthoses

A

heel lift:

  • for LLD
  • used for LLD> 1/2 inch

Heel wedge:

  • alter alignment of calcaneus
  • -medial: control pronation
  • -lateral: control supination
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6
Q

air cast

A

provides lateral ankle stability
no stabliation of DF or PF
utilized for sprains, pain or instablity

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7
Q

AFO

A

corrects:

  • foot drop
  • decrease genu recurvatum
  • aids in closed chain stability

consists of foundation and plastic or metal upright

variety of types and degrees of stability

angle at ankle changes function

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8
Q

types of AFO

A 
metal upright
solid AFO
posterior leaf spring
ground reaction AFO
articulated
AFO with DF spring assist
tone reducing
spiral AFO
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9
Q

metal upright AFO

A

shoe, stirrup, ankle joint, calfband, calf closure

subtalar joint stability is dependent on the shoe, shoe wears down and AFO becomes less stable

orthotist can adust joints to provide assitance with DF and control PF

Diabetes M. will be given this for skin integrity

relatively heavy

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10
Q

Solid AFO

A

biomechanical functions are related to their trimelines:

  • ankle is fixed
  • flexibility allows DF ROM during alte and terminal stance
  • main funciton to prevent foot drop in swing
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11
Q

Ground reaction AFO

A

sold ankle and pretibial shell

if quad strength is LESS THAN 3-

induce a knee extension moment from mid to terminal stance

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12
Q

articulated AFO

A

provide PF stop in swing phase

allow closed chain tibial advancement over fixed foot

allow more normalized gait pattern

MUST HAVE SUFFICIENT QUAD STRENGTH
-prevent knee buckling

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13
Q

Dorsi-assit AFO

A

indicated for FOOT DROP
assit DF in swing phase
allows normal movement for normal mechanics in stance phase

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14
Q

Spiral AFO

A

allows limitied but not total elimination of movement at ankle joint

plastic is molded to botton of foot and spiraled around calf

allows more flexiblity and is better for some who need sensory feed back during gait

had to adjust

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15
Q

tone-reducing AFO

A

achieve most appropriate loading possible
decreasing reflexive muscle activation and improving walking pattern

uses metatarsals pad and great toe shelf to take the weight off the met heads while extending toes

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16
Q

CAM walker boot

A

used to stabilize ankle/ foot after:

  • fracture
  • cast removal
  • sprains and soft-tissue injuries
  • stress fractures
  • diabetic foot pain
  • plantar fasciitis
17
Q

KAFO

A

provides more stabilization up the chain for more notable impairments or paralysis

provides knee extension lock in addition to AFO

hinges at knee to allow sitting then locks during standing

18
Q

swedish knee cage

A

controls genu recurvatum

MUST HAVE QUAD STRENGTH to prevent buckling

19
Q

knee braces

A

lots of variety
can be OTC
limits mobility after injury or sugery

20
Q

HKAFO

A

can be unilateral or bilateral
pelvic band added to KAFO to control or prevent hip ABD/ADD or rotation

may add drop ring lock to control hip flexion

VERY ENERGY INEFFICIENT

21
Q

RGO

A

reciprocating gait orthosis

used for ambulatory needs of paralyzed children

steps achieved by using:

  • hip flexors
  • lower abdominals
  • trunk extension

cables prevent jackknifing into hip flexion during stance

swing leg pulled forward by cables

22
Q

LSO

A

lumbar sacral orthosis

stabilize and prevent movement in lumbar spine

used follwoing compression fracture or surgery

23
Q

TLSO

A

extends into thoracic spine

off the shelf options or molded options

24
Q

braces for spinal compression

A

jewitt brace

CASH brace

25
Q

lumbar corset or binder

A

abdominal compression to improve respiration

increase intraabdominal pressure reduces stress on posterior spinal musculature and diminishes load on discs

long-term reliance can promote atrophy contractures and contracture and psychological dependence

can be used with orthostatic hypotension

26
Q

soft cervical collar

A

minimal motion control

reminder to patient

decreases load of supporting head

movement is limited not restricted

27
Q

philadelphia collar

A

adds mandibular and occipital extenions for increased immobilizaiton and support of weight of head

window for trach

28
Q

aspen collar

A

studier exoskeleton for increased stabilization and more control of motion

window for trach

29
Q

HALO

A

most effective means of immobilization of cervical spine

band around head is fixed into skull with screws and attached to thoracic cage via metal uprights

used post injury or surgery that requires very conservative management to not cause spinal cord injury

30
Q

scoliosis orthoses

A

prevent curve from increasing

part time wear up to 23 hours a day

milwaukee

  • metal frame to support chest
  • pads strapped to frame to apply corrective forces

boston
-does not extend as high

Neuro (11 decks)

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