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OS 203 > OS 203 2.7 Cartilage and Bone > Flashcards

OS 203 2.7 Cartilage and Bone Flashcards

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1
Q

only vascularized area in the cartilage

A

perichondrium (so nourishment of cartilage is by diffusion from the capillaries here)

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2
Q

cartilage origin

A

mesoderm (-> mesenchyme -> chondroblasts -> chondrocytes -> cartilage)

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3
Q

responsible for the resilience of cartilage

A

high water content (60-80%)

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4
Q

is cartilage innervated?

A

nope, neither are they vascularized

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5
Q

specialized type of hyaline cartilage? this is difficult to repair because?

A

articular cartilage (joints). bc perichondrium is absent and this is where the chondroblasts are.

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6
Q

basophilia in hyaline cartilage matrix is attributed to what?

A

GAGs (negative) attract hematoxylin (positive)

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7
Q

cartilage that functions for support of tissues & organs, & model for development

A

hyaline cartilage

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8
Q

hyaline cartilage matrix components (collagen? gags (3)? whut else?)

A

type II (thin fibrils); chondroitin s, keratan s, hyaluronic acid; water

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9
Q

tracheal rings

A

hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

nasal septum

A

hyaline cartilage

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11
Q

larynx

A

hyaline cartilage

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12
Q

articular surfaces of joints

A

hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

highly bendable cartilage

A

elastic cartilage

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14
Q

elastic cartilage stain (2)

A

weigert and silver (DAW, but shouldn’t it be verhoeff?)

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15
Q

cartilage whose matrix has a lot of hair-like projections

A

elastic cartilage

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16
Q

cartilage that functions for support with flexibility

A

elastic cartilage

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17
Q

elastic cartilage matrix components

A

hyaline matrix components + elastic fibers

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18
Q

external ear

A

elastic cartilage

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19
Q

external auditory canal

A

elastic cartilage

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20
Q

larynx

A

elastic cartilage

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21
Q

epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage

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22
Q

cartilage that functions for support with great tensile strength; resists compression and tension

A

fibrocartilage

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23
Q

arrangement of fibrocartilage matrix

A

rows of thick collagen fibers alternating with rows of chondrocytes

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24
Q

cartilage that lacks perichondrium (besides articular cartilage)

A

fibrocartilage (but this ain’t in the trans)

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25
fibrocartilage matrix (collagen type and arrangement, compare to hyaline)
type I collagen parallel to stress plane, thicker than collagen in hyaline
26
intervertebral discs
fibrocartilage
27
pubic symphysis
fibrocartilage
28
perichondrium - what type of ct, collagen?
dense irregular ct, type I
29
main cell in the perichondrium
fibroblast (so not chondroblast...)
30
perichondrium vs periosteum: bv
more in perichondrium
31
perichondrium vs periosteum: nerves
none in both
32
perichondrium vs periosteum: fibrous and cellular layer
yes in both
33
perichondrium vs periosteum: dense irregular ct
yes in both
34
perichondrium vs periosteum: regeneration ability
chond: weak cartilage regeneration ability
35
are chondroblasts trapped in lacunae?
nope
36
lines the border between perichondrium and matrix
chondroblasts
37
chondroblasts secrete what?
collagen type II and other ecm components
38
what are the clear areas in chondrocytes? (2) another noticeable organelle? nucleus?
golgi, lipid droplets; rER, euchromatic nucleus
39
isogenous groups arise from?
cell division
40
proteoglycans = ? + ?; aggregates are attached to what by what?
GAGs + core protein, attached to axial hyaluronan by linker proteins
41
immediately surrounds the lacunae. darker compared to blank because of what?
territorial matrix; interterritorial matrix; more GAGs here
42
a substance needed to produce GAGs (for cartilage lubrication)
glucosamine
43
GAG conformation
random coil conformations -> huge volume -> gel
44
how does cartilage matrix resist compression?
GAG (-) -> attract Na+ -> attract H2O -> swelling pressure/turgor (vs collagen fibers - resist stretching forces)
45
growth of cartilage can be via (2)
appositional, interstitial
46
chondroblasts deposit matrix on surface of preexisting cartilage (what kind of growth?). can this continue after formation of perichondrium?
appositional growth (embryogenesis and juvenile development). yes, chondroblasts in/associated with the perichondrium can secrete additional ground substance.
47
chondrocytes divide and secrete matrix from within the lacunae (what kind of growth?)
interstitial growth (embryogenesis)
48
interstitial growth: mesenchyme -> aggregate & differentiate -> ? -> secrete? -> pushed apart, what happens as this occurs? -> ground subbstance rigid -> ?
chondrocyte -> secrete collagen, gag -> division and further secretion -> chondrocytes trapped in lacunae
49
types of bone (4) w examples
flat (cranium), long (humerus), short (carpals), irregular (vertebrae)
50
flat bone arrangement
diploe (spongy) sandwiched between compact bone covered by periosteum
51
long bone arrangement
tubular diaphysis/shaft, epiphyses at ends covered with articular cartilage
52
epiphyseal growth plate what kind of cartilage?
hyaline
53
long bone: nutrient arteries and veins enter through?
nutrient foramen
54
yellow vs red marrow (content...?)
lipids, hematopoietic center
55
periosteum collagen type; covers entire surface of bone except at?
collagen type I; epiphyses
56
periosteum sublayers (2) and fxns
outer fibrous (dense irregular ct) for tendon attachment; inner cellular with osteoprogenitor cells
57
periosteum secured to bone by what?
sharpey's fibers!
58
is endosteum osteogenic? may sublayers ba?
yuhhh but not as strong and thick as periosteum; 1 layer flattened osteoprogenitor cells + very small amounts of CT
59
bone: kinds of blood supply & innervation (3)
nutrient artery & vein, metaphyseal bv, periosteal bv
60
supply diaphysis of long bone
nutrient artery & vein
61
supply diaphyseal face of epiphyseal plate
metaphyseal bv
62
supply superficial osteons on diaphysis
periosteal bv
63
why are osteoclasts multinucleated?
formed from multiple cells
64
osteoclasts are located in
Howship's lacuna (*ruffled edge)
65
secreted by osteoclasts for osteolysis
HCl
66
bone matrix composition
35% organic, 65% inorganic
67
organic components of bone matrix (3)
cells, type I collagen fibers, ground substance
68
inorganic components of bone matrix, secreted by what for what?
hydroxyapatite crystals (calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide), secreted by osteocytes to mineralize bone
69
central/haversian canal contains what (3)
vein, artery, nerve
70
osteon lamellae...
concentric, circumferential (inner & outer), interstitial
71
are there osteons in spongy bone?
nope
72
in trabeculae or bone spicules of spongy bone (3)
parallel lamellae, osteocytes in lacunae, canaliculi
73
when does ossification begin
embryo (8-12 wks)
74
formation of most flat bones of the skull and the clavicles
intramembranous ossification
75
steps in intramembranous ossification (4)
ossification center -> osteoid secretion -> woven bone, periosteum -> bone collar (-> mature lamellar bone), red marrow
76
endochondral ossification requires what
hyaline cartilage model
77
ossified/remnant of epiphyseal plate
epiphyseal line
78
steps in endochondral ossification (5)
bone collar around hyaline model (osteoblasts under perichondrium) -> hyaline cavitation, bv -> invasion of internal cavities by periosteal bud & spongy bone formation (primary ossification center at diaphysis) -> medullary cavity, 2ndary ossification centers at epiphyses -> ossification there (cartilage only @ epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages)
79
bone: interstitial vs appositional growth: where? growth in?
interstitial - epiphyseal plate, growth in length; appositional - within periosteum, growth in diameter
80
morphology of epiphyseal plate: 5 zones from epi to diaphysis
resting -> proliferation (mitosis, columns) -> hypertrophy (absorb matrix) -> calcification (kills chondrocytes) -> ossification (invasion by capillaries and osteoprogenitor cells)
81
descendants of mesenchyme (4)
fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblast, hematopoietic stem cells

OS 203 (7 decks)

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