OSHA. Flashcards
0
Q
- How is scaffolding sometimes called?
A
Staging.
1
Q
- What is a scaffold?
A
Temporary elevated work platforms used to hold worker and materials.
2
Q
- What are three basic types of scaffolds?
A
- Supported scaffolds.
- Suspension scaffolds.
- Aerial lifts.
3
Q
- What are supported scaffolds?
A
Rest on posts, uprights, frames, or outrigger beams. Some are mounted on casters - or on trucks.
4
Q
- What are suspension scaffolds?
A
Hang by ropes or other mon-rigid means from an overhead structure.
5
Q
- What are aerial lifts?
A
Vehicle mounted elevating and rotating work platforms.
6
Q
- How many kinds of scaffolds are there?
A
The OSHA scaffold standard covers 39 scaffolds.
7
Q
- What are common scaffolds in residential construction?
A
- Fabricated frame scaffolds.
- Window jack scaffolds.
- Trestle ladder scaffolds.
4 ladder jack scaffolds. - Horse scaffolds.
- Aerial lifts.
8
Q
- Four common type of supported scaffold?
A
- System scaffolds.
- Ladder jack scaffolds.
- Sawhorse scaffolds.
- Mobile scaffolds.
9
Q
- What are types of suspension scaffolds?
A
- Two-pint suspension.
- Boatswain’s chairs.
- Interior hung scaffolds.
- Float or ship scaffolds.
10
Q
- How are scaffolds constructe?
A
Most use traditional beam and post construction.
11
Q
- What are vertical parts of the scaffolds?
A
Legs or uprights. Uprights may be called posts and standards.
The supporting ropes or cables on suspension scaffolds.
Ladders attached to the frame or build into the frame.
12
Q
- What does upright include?
A
- Welded frames.
- Steel or aluminum tubes.
- Wood poles.
13
Q
- What does horizontal parts of scaffold includes?
A
- Platforms.
- Runners.
- Putlogs.
- Bearers.
- Guardrails.
- Sills.
- Ledgers.
- Toeboards.
14
Q
- Construction of scaffold?
A
Legs are the main vertical members.
Frames or standards (posts) are tied together by runners (beams) and
Braced by diagonals, spacers, crossbraces, and ties.
15
Q
- Parts of scaffold?
A
- Base plate.
- Post or upright.
- Bearer (horizontal).
- Ledger brace.
- Cross bracing.
- Diagonal bracing.
- Platform.
- Guardrail.
- Toeboard.
16
Q
- What is the most serious danger of scaffold work?
A
The danger of falling.
17
Q
- Percentage account scaffold deaths on the job deaths in all construction?
A
6%.
18
Q
- How many workers are injured every year in scaffold falls?
A
About 29,000.
19
Q
- What cost most of scaffold catastrophes and fatalities and percentage of it?
A
Defective scaffolds, including those assembled with defective parts with account for 47%.
20
Q
- How do we know a scaffold is safe?
A
- A solid foundation.
- Plumb, level, and square.
- Braced and solidly connected.
- All its parts - straight and undamaged.
- Fall protection - in the form of a guardrail system or a personal fall arrest system.
- Safe access.
- A safe platform.
21
Q
- Who is responsible for properly erecting and inspecting the scaffold?
A
Qualified erectors for erecting and the competent person for inspection.
22
Q
- What is a solid foundation?
A
Stable ground that will support 1,600 pound per square foot.
23
Q
- What is heel test?
A
If a 180-pound worker can dig a heel 1 inch into the soil it is unstable.
24
25. What are sills and mudsills in scaffolding?
At least 2x10" lumber in complete contact with the foundation. At least two scaffold legs should rest on one sill.
25
26. How do scaffold legs attach to the sills?
Base plates or screw jacks should be centered on the sills and nailed in place. Nails should be in two corners opposite each other and bent over to lock the base plate to the sill.
26
27. What is a base plate?
A piece of metal (6" square) that helps distribute the scaffold leg load over a larger area.
27
28. What is a screw jack?
A mechanical device consisting of a threaded rod and a wing nut. It is used to level heavy loads. The screw jack attaches to the base plate.
28
29. How do scaffold legs attach to the base plates?
With pins or locking devices.
29
30. How do base plates or screw jacks attach to the sills?
They should be centered on the sills and nailed in place. Nails should be in two corners opposite each other and bent over to lock the base plate to the sill.
30
31. How do we know a scaffold is plumb, level, and square?
Scaffold erectors use basic carpenter's tools to check for plumb, level, and square. The competent person must make this check as well. You can make visual check to see if a scaffold is badly out of alignment.
31
32. What parts should not a scaffold contain?
1. Parts from another manufacture cannot be modified to fit a scaffold without the approval of a competent person.
2. Parts made of dissimilar metals cannot be intermixed without the competent person's approval.
32
33. What is a brace?
A brace holds one scaffold member in a fixed position in relation to another. Bracing works horizontally or diagonally to reduce movement. They reduce sway and prevent collapse by keeping the frames square. OSHA requires braces on all supported scaffolds.
33
34. Why are guardrails so important?
Guardrails prevent workers from falling off the scaffold.
34
35. When does OSHA require guardrails around exposed sides and ends of scaffold platforms?
10' or higher.
35
36. How toprails must be?
38 to 45" above the working platform. They should be 2x4" lumber or equivalent metal or cable.
36
37. When is cross-bracing acceptable as a toprail?
The crossing point of two braces is between 38" and 48" above the work platform.
37
38. What is midra?
A barrier about halfway between the toprail and the toeboard. It must be 1x6" lumber or equivalent material.
38
39. When is cross-bracing acceptable in place of a midrail?
The crossing point of the two place is between 20 and 30 " above the platform.
39
40. What are toeboards?
Vertical barriers at the exposed sides and ends of a scaffold platform. They must be at least 3 1/2" high.
40
41. What must be in place if collected materials will be above toeboard height?
18 gauge US standard wire 1/2" mesh or equivalent must be in place between toeboardsj and toprails.
41
42. What is safe access?
A safe means of getting on and off of the scaffold. The safest access is internal stairs. The next safest is a vertical ladder built into or attached to the scaffold frame.
42
43. When and what must be used as safe access to scaffod?
If platforms are more than 2' above or below a point of access, then stairways, ladders, or personnel hoists must be used.
43
44. What is 3-point climbing?
You always have two hands and one foot or one hand and two feet in contact with the ladder and you face the ladder.
44
45. What is a safe platform for scaffold?
A fully planked platform.
45
46. What are most scaffold platforms?
Scaffold-grade wood or metal or fabricated planks or decks.
46
47. How should planks in scaffold platforms extend?
1. 10' long or less - at least 6" but not more than 12".
| 2. Longer than 10' - up to 18".
47
48. What are warnings for scaffold platform extentions?
1. Don't step on the extension.
| 2. Don't store materials on it.
48
49. How must safe platform build from plank for scaffolds?
1. If they overlap, they should meet at the uprights and overlap by at least 12" or be secured on place.
2. If they abut, each end must rest on a separate support.
49
50. How planks should be secured together scaffold platforms?
With cleats, bolts, or other attachments to keep them from moving.
50
51. How do manufactured work platforms attach to the scaffolds?
They clamp to the scaffold frame and are fully planked.
51
52. What is scaffold-grade lumber?
It is wood scaffold-grade plank stamped with a special mark.
52
53. What means that planks shall be in good repair?
1. Replace planks with reduced width, length, thickness, or strength.
2. Never apply an opaque coating to wood planks.
53
54. What are ladder jack scaffolds?
1. The platform rest on brackets attached to ladders.
2. Job-build ladders cannot be used.
3. Use a separate ladder for access.
4. Ladder jack scaffolds must be at least 12"" wide.
5. The ladders supporting the ladder jacks have to be placed, fastened, or equipped with devices to prevent slipping.
6. Scaffold platforms cannot be bridged to one another.
7. You can not use ladder jack scaffolds at a height above 20'.
54
55. What are horse scaffolds?
It consists of a platform supported by construction sawhorses.
55
56. How are horse scaffolds alsp known?
1. As sawhorse scaffolds.
| 2. Constructed of metal are sometimes known as trestle scaffolds.
56
57. How are horse scaffolds arranged in tears?
1. They can not be constructed or arranged more than 10' in hight or two tiers whichever is less.
2. Place each horse directly over the horse on the tier below.
3. Nail down the legs of each horse or otherwise secure it to prevent displacement.
4. Cross-brace each tier.
57
58. What are window jack scaffolds?
It is a platform resting on a bracket or jack projecting through a window opening.
58
59. How can a window jack scaffold be used?
1. Only for working in that window opening.
| 2. You can not use window jacks to support planks between one window jack and another.
59
60. What are trestle ladder scaffolds?
It is a platform resting directly on the rungs of step or trestle ladders.
60
61. How is trestle ladder scaffold also known?
As a step or platform scaffold.
61
62. How are trestle ladder scaffolds build?
1. The platforms on a trestle ladder scaffold can not be placed higher than the next-to-last rung or step.
2. They can not be bridged together.
3. All ladders used must meet requirements of Subpart X - stairways and Ladders.
4. Job-built ladders can not used in a trestle ladder scaffold.
5. Ladders used to support trestle ladder scaffolds must be prevented from slipping.
62
63. What are aerial lifts?
Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms.
63
64. Where is the OSHA regulation for cranes, derricks, hoists, elevators, and conveyors?
Subpart N.
64
65. What do aerial lift include?
1. Extensible boom platforms.
2. Aerial ladders.
3. Articulating boom platforms.
4. Vertical towers.
5. Any combination of these.
65
66. What are the OSHA requirements for personal of aerial lifts?
1. Users cannot exceed the manufacturer's boom and basket load limits which appear on the equipment.
2. Only authorized persons can operate the lift.
3. Workers must stand firmly on the floor of the lift basket.
4. Workers cannot sit or climb on the edge of the basket or use planks, ladders, or other devices for a work position.
5. Workers must wear a body harness and a lanyard attached to the boom or basket.
6. Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment when working from an aerial lift is not permitted.
66
67. What are requirements for aerial lift controls?
1. A competent person must test the lift controls each day prior to use to assure they are in safe working condition.
2. When lifts are primarily personnel carriers, they must have both platform (upper) controls and lower controls.
3. The upper controls must be within easy reach.
4. The lower controls must be able to override the upper controls in an emergency.
67
68. What are requirements for aerial lifts structure?
1. When in use, the brakes must be set and any outriggers must be on pads or a solid surface.
2. Before using the lift on an incline, install wheel chocks.
3. All aerial lifts must be secured in the travel position before they are moved for travel.
68
69. How much can a scaffold support?
They must be capable of supporting - without failure - their own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load.
69
70. How is a supported scaffold capacity primarily determined?
1. Space between the uprights.
| 2. Thickness of the planks.
70
71. What is the maximum intended load?
The heaviest load the scaffold is designed to carry. The maximum intended load is all workers, tools, and material that may be on the scaffold at one time.
71
72. How should we distribute loads?
Distribute loads evenly on the platform. Keep loads away from the plank center. Point load over the upright supports.
72
72. How can we protect ourselves on scaffolds?
1. Don't let tools, materials, debris collect on scaffold.
2. Never throw or drop tools, materials, or equipment.
3. Make sure all connections are in place and tight.
4. Do not stand on ties.
5. Do not stand on guardrails or plank extensions.
6. Do not overreach outside of the guardrails.
7. Stay off scaffold during loading or unloading.
8. Replace guardrails after loading or unloading.
9. Use 3 point climbing.
10. Don't hang tarps without evaluation.
11. Get off mobile scaffold before it's moved.
12. Never leave partially dismantled scaffolds unguarded or unlabeled.
13. Wear the right clothing and safety gear.
73
73. What are the training requirements for scaffolds?
Your employer must train you to recognize the hazards of the scaffold you use and to understand the hazard control procedures.
74
74. The three basic types of scaffolds are:
A. Needle beam, suspension, aerial lifts.
B. supported, suspension, aerial lifts.
C. Suspension, aerial lifts, frame.
D. Aerial lifts, suspension, needle beam.
B. supported, suspension, aerial lifts.
75
```
75. The OSHA standards for scaffolding are found in:
A. Subpart L.
B. subpart M.
C. Subpart X.
D. Subpart H.
```
A. Subpart L.
76
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76. Most scaffolds use what kind of construction?
A. Post and joist.
B. needle beam and pole.
C. Cross beam.
D. Beam and post.
```
D. Beam and post.
77
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77. The most frequent and serious danger of working on a scaffold is:
A. Falling objects.
B. bad weather conditions.
C. Falling off the scaffold.
D. Electrocution.
```
C. Falling off the scaffold.
78
```
78. How many workers are injured in scaffold falls each year?
A. About 250 workers.
B. about 6000.
C. About 14000.
D. About 29000.
```
D. About 29000.
79
```
79. The employer assigns a ... to make sure the scaffold remains in safe working condition.
A. Shop steward.
B. scaffold erector.
C. Competent person.
D. Manufacturer's representative.
```
C. Competent person.
80
80. How do scaffold legs attach to mudsills?
A. Base plate or tie-ins.
B. base plate or base plate with screw jacks.
C. Screw jacks or tie-ins.
D. Base plates or braces with screw jacks.
B. base plates or base plates with screw jacks.
81
```
81. Plumb, level, and square refer to the scaffolds:
A. Length, width, and height.
B. the tiers and tubing.
C. Tubular couplings and frames.
D. Horizontal and vertical alignment.
```
D. Horizontal and vertical alignment.
82
```
82. How should base plate be positioned on sills?
A. Centered and nailed
B. centered and glued.
C. 2" from end and nailed.
D. 2" from end and glued.
```
A. Centered and nailed.
83
```
83. Substitution of another manufacturer's parts in a scaffold can be approved only by the:
A. Manufacturer's representative.
B. competent person.
C. OSHA representative.
D. State labor department official.
```
B. competent person.
84
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84. The minimum height for a toprail is :
A. 38".
B. 36".
C. 46".
D. 52".
```
A. 38".
85
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85. Guardrails should be _ lumber or material giving equivalent protection.
A. 1x2".
B. 2x10".
C. 1x10".
D. 2x4".
```
D. 2x4".
86
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87. Toprails on supported scaffolds must be capable of withstanding a force of _ .
A. 100 pounds.
B. 200 pounds.
C. 300 pounds.
D. 400 pounds.
```
B. 200 pounds.
87
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88. What is the minimum height of a toeboard?
A. At least 1-1/2".
B. at least 2-1/2".
C. At least 3-1/2".
D. At least 4-1/2".
```
C. At least 3-1/2".
88
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89. When work platforms are more than _ above or below a point of access, then stairways, ladders, or personnel hoists must be used.
A. 6".
B. 12".
C. 2'.
D. 3'.
```
C. 2'.
89
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90. For work platforms 10' or less, planks should extend over the supports at least _ , but mot more than _ .
A. 6",12".
B. 12", 18".
C. 14", 18".
D. 18", 24".
```
A. 6", 12".
90
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91. You can recognize scaffold-grade lumber because it has:
A. Fine grain and a smooth surface.
B. a stamp of approval.
C. Fewer than 4 knots per board foot.
D. A slightly concave appaerance.
```
B. a stamp of approval.
91
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92. When planks overlap, they must meet at the upright and overlap each other by at least -_ inches or be secured in place.
A. 6".
B. 8".
C. 12".
D. 14".
```
C. 12".
92
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93. Ladder jack scaffolds cannot be used at a height above:
A. 8'.
B. 10'.
C. 15'.
D. 20'.
```
D. 20'.
93
```
94. You cannot construct a horse scaffold more than 2 tiers or _ feet in height, whichever is less:
A. 8'.
B. 10'.
C. 15'.
D. 20'.
```
B. 10'.
94
```
95. A window jack scaffold must be securely attached to:
A. The ladders.
B. the scaffold frame.
C. The roof edge.
D. The window opening.
```
D. The window opening.
95
96. Two trestle ladder scaffolds can be bridged together.
A. True.
B. false.
B. false.
96
```
97. Workers in aerial lifts must wear body harnesses and lanyards tied off to:
A. A permanent structural member.
B. the boom or basket.
C. The truck bed.
D. A solid member external to the lift.
```
B. the boom or basket.
97
```
98. How often must a competent person test the controls of an aerial lift to assure they are in safe working condition?
A. Before every lift.
B. before and after each shift.
C. Once each day after use.
D. Once each day prior to use.
```
D. Once each day prior to use.
98
```
99. OSHA requires that most scaffolds be designed to support _ their maximum intended load.
A. 20 times.
B. 8 times.
C. 6 times.
D. 4 times.
```
D. 4 times.
99
```
100. If you must ipoint load'a scaffold platform, where should you place the loads?
A. Above the supports.
B. above the putlogs.
C. Above the tie-ins.
D. Outside the guardrails.
```
A. Above the supports.
100
101. If you leave a scaffold partially disassembled, you must:
A. Inform OSHA of its location.
B. warn potential users with clearly marked tags.
C. Inform your job steward of its condition.
D. Keep a record of the parts you have removed.
B. warn potential users with clearly marked tags.
101
102. You may stand on the guardrail of a supported scaffold:
A. When you are tied off to the vertical support.
B. if you are tied off to the stricture.
C. As long as you are careful.
D. Under no circumstance.
D. Under no circumstance.
102
103. According to OSHA, you now have all the training you need to work safely on scaffolds.
A. True.
B. false.
B. falls.
