Osteichthyes Flashcards
(79 cards)
“<b>Which class is the closest living relatives to tetrapods?</b>”
Acinista (lobe finned fish)
“<b>What is a homocerceal tail?</b>”
equal lobes in ray finned fishes
“<b>An enhcanced cerbellum controls ___ in class Actinopterygii</b>”
motor coordination
“<b>Superclass Sarcopterygii has which two classes?</b>”
Class Dipnoi: lungfish <br></br><br></br>Class Actinistia: lobe-finned fish
“<b>Class Actinistia (lobe-finned fish) belong to which subclass?</b>”
Sarcopterygii
“<b>Class Dipnoi belong to which superclass?</b>”
Sarocopterygii
“<b>Pterosis sp. are highly invasive and use aposomatic colouration. T/F</b>”
True
“<b>Juvenillie blue-streaked cleaner wrasse mimicbluefinned fangblennies in order to eat larger fish. T/F?</b>”
False - fangblennies are parasitic, cleaner wrasse are not
“<b>How do bluestriped fangblennies feed?</b>”
“Bluestriped fangblennies mimic juvenile bluestreaked cleaner wrasse that remove ectoparasites.<br></br><br></br>Fangblennies do not clean, use opiod deived venom to bite onto larger fish<br></br><br></br>they don’t feel the bite because their blood pressure drops<br></br>”
“<b>No scales are essential for which family? why?</b>”
frogfish (family Antennariidae)<br></br><br></br>no scales allow for weird skin textures to aid in mimickry
“<b>What is the most efficient type of locomotion?</b>”
Swimming, animal supported by water and doesnt have to overcome gravity
“<b>Osteichthyes are a _____ group? Mono/Para/Poly</b>?”
paraphyletic
“<b>What is the largest and most diverse taxon of vertebrates?</b>”
Osteichthyes
“<b>Osteichthyes andChondrichthyes share which traits?</b>”
2 chambered heart (single circulation)<br></br>mixing oxygenated and non oxygenated blood<br></br>
“<b>What is the benefit of Ostheichthyes evolving different feeding and foraging specialisations?</b>”
Specialisation and modification of jaws and feeding apparatus, specalised feeding opportunites reduced competition
“<b>Explain suction feeding in Tigerfish (Datniodies sp.)</b>”
“Fish expands mouth and pharynx rapidly to suck prey in before biting down and swallowing <br></br><br></br>Achieved by: <br></br>Rotate dorsal part of skull <br></br>Push out parts of mouth sideways <br></br>Drop lower jaw and hyoid”
“<b>Describe Piranha (subfamily Serrasalminae) feeding specialisations?</b>”
Fine sharp teeth & large jaw muscles attached to tip = increase in bite force<br></br><br></br>
“<b>Describe Parrot fish (family Scaridae)</b>”
Common herbivorous of coral reefs <br></br>Crushing jaws and continuously growing teeth in pharyngeal arch of throat (extend all the way down to back of throat)<br></br>help produe sand<br></br><br></br>
“<b>Describe feeding modifications in Flounders (order Pleuronectiformes)</b>”
Head Torsion, whole head is swivelled to side of body<br></br>Ambush predators<br></br><br></br>
“<b>What are the feeding specalisations in Anglerfish (order Lophiiformes)</b><br></br><img></img>”
Dorsal spines with small cavity of bioluminescent bacteria<br></br><br></br>Hingedfront row of teeth increase bite force<br></br>small second row of teeth break up small pieces of food
“<b>Tripodfish (Bathypterois grallator)</b><br></br><img></img>”
Benthic<br></br>Uses elongated fin rays in tail and two pelvic fins to stand on substrate <br></br>tactile mechosensors in front fins to detect prey in front of body<br></br><br></br>Standing up on fins, mouth catches passing prey
“<b>Frogfish (family Antennariidae)</b>”
Camouflage - Weird shape, colour change and skin texture (so no scales)<br></br>Ambush<br></br>Sometimes move by “walking” pectoral and pelvic fins over substrate
“<b>L</b><b>eafy Sea Dragon Phycodurus eques and seahorses (family Syngnathidae)</b>”
Mimic surroundings <br></br><br></br>Bluestriped fangblennies (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos) mimic juvenile bluestreaked cleaner wrasse that remove ectoparasites<br></br>Fangblennies do not clean, use opiod deived venom to bite onto larger fish, they don;t feel the bite because their blood pressure drops<br></br><br></br>Venomous: venom is opiod-derived, no pain from decreases blood pressure
“<b>Describe 3 traits of Lionfish</b>”
Aposematic Colouration <br></br>Venomous <br></br>Highly invasive
2 classes/clades:
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)
Actinopterygii also a class, but Sarcopterygii is a superclass, with 2 classes:
Class Dipnoi: lungfish
Class Actinistia: lobe-finned fish"
verbrae = bone, fins = bones or cartlidge
homocercal tail: equal lobes
scales and skin covered in mucous to reduce drag and friction
single operculum
swim bladder bouyancy control
good eye sight large optic lobes
enhcanced cerbellum - control motor coordination
Terminal, superior or inferior mouths
cells in saltwter shrink, need
Marine:
Drink ↑ amount of salt H2O
Use special Cl- cells to actively transport ions out
Na+ ions follow passively
Use kidneys to excrete Ca, Mg, SO4
Freshwater:
Lose salts by diffusion
Don’t drink water, and excrete lots of dilute urine
Salts replenished during feeding
Nutritional deficiencies: get some AAs by eating (same as humans)
Stretch or expand muscles on one side, while relaxing muscles on other (alternate contractions) - waves of contractions pass from head to tail (like humans)
2 ways of contraction
Pushes against water and moves forward
Caudal fin helps push through water
Pectoral fins give maneuverability
median fins give stability
All fins used to steer
example: Movement obvious in slow-swimming fish (e.g., eels)
Faster swimming fish (e.g., tuna / marlin), body held rigid to minmizse drag and contractions directed towards tail
Swimming: most efficient type of locomtion- animal supported by water and doesn’t need to overcome gravity"
the 1 in australia has 1 lung. most 2 with atrophied gills
connected to larnyx and pharnyx w/o trachea, subdivded into small airsaces to increase surface area
live in shallow waters, lungs allow them to air at surface
thin pectoral thin, thready pelvic thins set back farther on bod
develop muscularture to push against force of gravity in shallow waters
diphycercal tapers to singel point, sisetr clase to lobe fin fishes
nmae of women who found first fish?
do all fish have gillls? why is it specifid?
singlelove vertigial lung
- Filter feeding with bony processes project from gill arches
- Hairbrush like teeth
- Rapid exapansion of mouth and pharnyx (suction feeding)
- Large jaw muscles attached to tip (increase in bite force)
- Herbivourous, crushing jaws that make sand
- Smaller second row of teeth break up small food pieces
- Modified gill rankers
- Fine sharp serated teeth
- Continulously growing teeth extend into pharnygeal arch
- Elongated jaw forms long snout
- Head torsion
- Hinged front row of teeth
- Rotation of dorsal skull and droping lower jaw hyoid pushes mouth out
- Ambush predator using camoflage
Order Pleuronectiformes
Family Scaridae
Datniodies sp.
Subfamily Serrasalminae
Family Chaetodontidae
Order Lophiiformes
"
suction feeding, Rotation of dorsal skull, pushes mouth out
Piranha (subfamily Serrasalminae)
fine sharp teeth & large jaw muscles
Butterflyfish (family Chaetodontidae)
hairbrush like teeth & elongated jaw snout
Parrotfish (family Scaridae)
herbivourous, crushing jaws, continulously growing teeth extend into pharnygeal arch
Flounders (order Pleuronectiformes)
ambush and head torsion flounders
Anchovies (Engraulidae)
filter feeding with modified gill rankers
Anglerfish (order Lophiiformes)
hinged front row of teeth with smaller second row, biomulenescent lure "
H2O passes through mouth and out gills, food particles sieved by modified gill rakers, then into oesophagus
This mouth type is called ___ and is used for ____"
feeding on zooplankton/fish in middle water coloum, can occasionallly eat at surface/bottom
This mouth type is called ___ and is used for __"
feeding on organism near surface
This mouth type is called ___ and is used for ____"
scape algae/substances off bottom or find burried prey
gets pushed out by tigerfish during feeding
While Tripod fish stand up using cadual and pelvic fins, and catch passing fish in their mouths using sensors in front fins
*check lecture* what are they?"
Scrapers: smaller jaws that scrape substrate
Sifters: sift the sand
helped moved onto land
and burp to release air and go up
large jaw muscles attached to tip in Piranhas
Viviparous (internal fertilization) (e.g., guppies)
Sexual
Mostly externally
Some sequential hermaphrodites (clown fish)
Oviparous - salmon
Vivaprous (internal fertilization) - guppies
paternal brooders in mouth or pouch
clean nests anf fan eggs to provide oxygeniation
little care after birth
elaborate courtship displays
Fish use their back fin, called the caudal fin, to help push them through the water."
Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes