Porifera Flashcards
(40 cards)
“<div style=""><b>What are the two types of ““Skeletons”” in Porifera and what are they made of?</b></div>”
“<div style="">Spongin=spongocytes(made by) protein, acts as endoskelton, shape,</div><div style=""><br></br>Some 10% have collogen ““skeletons”” instead made bycollencytes<br></br><br></br>Spongin=spongocytes<br></br>collogen =<span>collencytes<br></br></span><br></br></div>”
“<b>What is the gelantinous material that houses specalised cells in Porifera called?</b>”
“Mesophyl”
“<b>What is a spongocoel?</b>”
“Sponges are a hollow cylinder with a large central cavity called thespongocoel.”
“<b>Which body canal in sponges has no spongeocel?</b>”
Luceonoid
“<b>What porifera cell can differentiate into gametes?</b>”
Ambeocytes
“<b>When a leuconoid sponge has a small exit canal, it also doesn’t have…?</b>”
has no spongeocel
“<b>Are Porifera sequential hermaprodites?</b>”
“yes<br></br><br></br>(sometimes<span>♂ or</span>♀)w/o self fertilization”
“<b>Do porifera have reproductive organs?</b>”
no official repoduction structures
“<b>gonochorism</b>”
sequential hermpahrodites, distinct sexes when gametes are differentiated by choanocyes/ameoboyctes<br></br><div><br></br></div>
“<b>Describe Porifera (11 traits)<br></br><br></br></b>repoduction<br></br>tissues<br></br>body type<br></br>feeding<br></br>symmetry<br></br>defenses<br></br>embyrotic development<br></br>cells”
“<ul><li>highly specialised cells in mesophyl jelly</li><li>simple, multicellular w/o true tissues</li><li>mostly sequentially hermaphroditic & asexual</li><li>have spongocel (central cavity for feeding) <b>(acoelomate)</b></li><li>suspension feeding - food directly into cell & excrete out</li><li>asymmetrical</li><li>1 germ layer (neither diplo- nor triploblastic)</li><li>use chemical defenses</li><li>no mouth or anus (neither protosome or dueterosome)</li><li>have sessile to attach to substrate</li><li>All life processes w/o tissues or organs, cells act as organs</li></ul>”
“<b>Describe the morphology of Porifera</b>”
“Epidermis: Comprise of pinacocytes (line exterior of sponge)<br></br>Mesophyl: houses specalised cells, gelantinous<br></br>Spicules: calcium carbonate, deter predators, arragnement = species<br></br>Ostias: pores allow water to enter<br></br>Osculum: opening at the top of spongocel<br></br><br></br><u><b>""Skeleton""</b></u><br></br>Spongin - protein, acts as endoskelton, shape, made by spongocytes<br></br>Some Porifera have collogen ““skeletons”” instead made bycollencytes<br></br><br></br><b><u>Cells: </u></b><br></br>Choanocyte: flaggelated food trapped in filter feeding<br></br>Ambeobocyte: excretion, can become gametes, repoduction, digest food<br></br>Pinacocytes: make up the epidermis, line exterior of sponge”
“<b>How do choanocytes in Porifera funciton?</b>”
“<div style="">Filter feeding</div><ul><li style="">Flagellated</li><li style="">beat to draw water into ostia pores through to the spongocoel</li><li style="">Food partciles get trapped and digested in ambeocytes</li><li style="">excreted out the osculum</li></ul>”
“<b>What are Amoebocytes cells?<br></br></b><img></img>”
“<b>Totipotet</b> - can change function from excretion, repoduction, digestion, secretion of spongin and spicules<br></br>”
“<b>What aresclerocytes in Porifera?</b>”
cells that secrete spicules that deter predators
“<b>What are the 3 different canal systems in sponges?</b>”
“<b>Asconoid </b>(simplest) -<br></br> no thickness/folds (limits feeding)<br></br> no flagellated chambers<br></br><img></img><br></br><br></br><br></br><b>Synconoid</b> (moderate)<br></br> thicker (better ability to filter food)<br></br> have some flagellated chambers<br></br><img></img><br></br><br></br><b>Leuconoid</b> (most complex)<br></br> more common<br></br> very thick (increased surface area for increased feeding)<br></br> small exit canal = NO SPONGOCEL<br></br> many flagellated chambers<br></br><img></img><br></br>”
“<i>gonochorism</i>”
“sequential hermaphrodites, distinct sexes when gametes are differentiated by choanocyes/ameoboyctes<br></br><div style=""><br></br></div>”
“<b>What are the 3 types of asexual repoduction in Porifera?</b>”
“<b><u>Asexual 3 types:</u></b><br></br>Budding - new growth detaches & attaches to new surface<br></br>Fragmentation & Regeneration - regrows missing parts, all pieces grow on new surface<br></br>Gemmules - food balls kind of like spores that survive harsh conditions, break open when conditions improve<br></br>”
“<b>3 Classes of Sponges?</b>”
“<b>Class Calcarea:</b><br></br> calcium carbonate spicules<br></br> 1,4,6, rays<br></br> no spongin<br></br><img></img><br></br><br></br><b>Class Demospongia:</b><br></br> 1, 3, 4 ray<br></br> most abundant<br></br> lueconoid<br></br> have spongin and spicules<br></br><img></img><br></br><br></br><b>Class Hexactinellida</b> (Glass sponges)<br></br> intricate silica spicules<br></br> 6 rays<br></br><img></img><br></br>”
“<b>Describe Monaxons, triaxons and tetraxons?</b>”
They are all spicules<br></br><br></br>Monaxons - one axis<br></br>Triaxons - 6 axis<br></br>Tetraxons - 4 axis
“<b>Pinacocytes</b>”
make up the epidermis, line exterior of spong
“<b>Choanocyte</b>”
cell of flaggelated finger like projectors, food trapped in mucous collar for filter feeding
“<b>What does the endoderm do in Cnidaria?<br></br></b><img></img>”
“Digestion<br></br><br></br>Gives rise to gastrodermis (digestion) and gland cells (secrete enzymes)”
“<b>What is the mesoglea?<br></br></b><img></img>”
“Sort of like a third germ layer but it’s not true tissue<br></br>functions for flotation and structure<br></br>jelly like”
“<b>How do Porifera eat?</b>”
“Water/nutrients enter the spongocoel (large central cavity)from pores in the body wall called os<b>tia</b> and is excreted via a large opening at the top called the<b>osculum</b>”
Ambeobocyte: excretion, can become gametes, repoduction, digest food
Pinacocytes: make up the epidermis, line exterior of sponge "
They carry out all life processes w/o true tissues (so no organ) cells act as organs
no thickness/folds (limits feeding)
no flagellated chambers
Put the terms together:
- no spongeocel
- many flagellated chambers
- no thickness/folds
- more common
- some flagellated chambers
- limited feeding
- very thick, increased surface area for increased feeding
- small exit canal
- moderate thickness/folds
no thickness/folds (limits feeding)
no flagellated chambers
Synconoid (moderate)
thicker (better ability to filter food)
have some flagellated chambers
Leuconoid (most complex)
more common
very thick (increased surface area for increased feeding)
small exit canal
many flagellated chambers
"
Budding - new growth breaks off & attaches to new surface
Fragmentation & Regeneration - regrows missing parts, pieces grow on newsurface
Gemmules - food balls kind of like spores that survive harsh conditions, break open when conditions improve "
food balls kind of like spores that survive harsh conditions, break open when conditions improve
