osteochondrosis, osteochondritis dessicans

Question 1

what is osteochondrosis

Answer 1

failure in normal process of endochondral ossification

Question 2

where does osteochondrosis commonly occur

Answer 2

shoulder, elbow, stifles, hocks of large and giant breed dogs

Question 3

what is a clinical manifestation of osteochondrosis

Answer 3

osteochondritis

Question 4

what is ostechondritis dissecans

Answer 4

involvement of epiphyseal physis results in chondro-osseous flaps

Question 5

what does osteochondrosis look like on gross pathology

Answer 5

focal area of delayed ossification

Question 6

how is OCD diagnosed

Answer 6

radiographic appearance of osteochondrosis must be accompanied by clinical signs

Question 7

what is the pathogenesis of OC

Answer 7

failure of endochondral ossification

Question 8

what is the most common clinical manifestation of OC

Answer 8

OCD - focal area of delayed ossification, normal joint stresses induce trauma, lead to detachment of cartilaginous flaps

Question 9

how does nutrition contribute ot OC

Answer 9

increased growth rate could predispose OC, biomechanical overload of joint surfaces that are structurally weak, no definitive evidence

Question 10

which diets are associated with OC

Answer 10

high in calcium and vitamin D3 in great danes

Question 11

how does rapid growth contribute to OC

Answer 11

increase incidence of skeletal disease

Question 12

how does overfeeding contribute to OC

Answer 12

elevated levels of growth hormone, IGF-1, T3, T4, insulin

Question 13

signalment of OC

Answer 13

large and giant breed dogs

Question 14

OC of the shoulder signalment

Answer 14

males > females, 4-8 months of age, bilateral

Question 15

hx of OC of the shoulder

Answer 15

unilateral forelimb lameness, gradual onset of lameness, may worsen after exercise

Question 16

PE of OC of the shoulder

Answer 16

palpate shoulder and move through ROM, painful with extension

Question 17

rads of the shoulder to dx OC

Answer 17

irregularity in the normal subchondral bone contour on caudal aspect of humeral head

Question 18

surgical management of OCD

Answer 18

removal of loose osteo-chondral flap via arthrotomy or arthroscopy

Question 19

signalment of OC of elbow

Answer 19

males >females, 5-7 months, bilateral

Question 20

hx of OC of elbow

Answer 20

forelimb lameness

Question 21

dx of OC of elbow

Answer 21

irregularity in normal subchondral bone contour on medial aspect of humeral condyle

Question 22

medical management of OC of elbow

Answer 22

<6.5 months old, no clinical pain

Question 23

surgical management of OC of the elbow

Answer 23

lameness and pain, >8 months, large lesions

Question 24

signalment of OC of the stifle

Answer 24

large bree, males >females, 5-7 months, bilateral

Question 25

hx of OC of the stifel

Answer 25

rear limb lameness, gradual onset, worse after exercise

Question 26

dx of OC of stifle

Answer 26

flattening and irregularity in the normal subchondral bone contour on medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle

Question 27

what is the oats procedure

Answer 27

osteochondral autograft transfer system to tx OC in the stifel

Question 28

signalment of OC of the tarsus

Answer 28

rottweilers, males = females, 5-7 months

Question 29

hx of OC of the tarsus

Answer 29

rear limb lameness, hyperextended hocks, may be unable to flex hocks

Question 30

dx of OC of the tarsus

Answer 30

radiolucent concavity on the medial or lateral trochlear ridge (medial more common)

Question 31

when is medical management indicated for OC

Answer 31

small lesions in nonclinical patients

Question 32

when is surgical management of OCD indicated

Answer 32

clinical presentation and signs

Question 33

what is the prognosis of OCD

Answer 33

varies depending upon joint involved and relative size of defect

Question 34

prognosis of OCD of shoulder

Answer 34

caudal aspect of humeral head - good to excellent

Question 35

OCD of the elbow prognosis

Answer 35

medial humeral condyle - prognosis varies

Question 36

OCD of the stifle prognosis

Answer 36

lateral > medial femoral condyle - guarded to fair

Question 37

OCD of tarsus prognosis

Answer 37

medial trochlear ridge of talus bone - fair to poor