surgery of the carpus, metacarpus, phalanges, sesamoids

Question 1

what is a palmigrade stance

Answer 1

occurs when foot is positioned such that palmar surface of metacarpus contacts ground

Question 2

why are carpal fractures often disabling?

Answer 2

carpal joint serves as major weight bearing fucntion

Question 3

what happens to carpal fx w/o treatment

Answer 3

joint incongruity, development of OA -> severe lameness

Question 4

what is the most frequently dx fx of carpal bones in companion animals

Answer 4

radial carpal bone fx

Question 5

what may radial carpal bone fx involve

Answer 5

chronic lameness w/o hx of trauma

Question 6

signalment of radial carpal bone fx

Answer 6

boxers and sporting breeds

Question 7

what are the radial carpal bone fx speculated to be a result of

Answer 7

incomplete ossification of radial carpal bone

Question 8

accessory carpal bone fx signalment

Answer 8

racing greyhounds and sled dogs

Question 9

most accessory carpal bone fx occur in which leg

Answer 9

right leg

Question 10

why are accessory carpal bones considered avulsion injuries

Answer 10

occur at tendinous or ligamentous insertions, classified according to site of injury on accessory carpal bone

Question 11

how are carpal fx medically managed

Answer 11

not indicated

Question 12

how is radial carpal bone fx best treated

Answer 12

carpal arthrodesis

Question 13

what is the carpus composed of

Answer 13

proximal and distal row of carpal bones

Question 14

radial carpal bone anatomy

Answer 14

articulates primarily with radius

Question 15

how is the radial carpal bone fx stabilized

Answer 15

reduction with lag screw

Question 16

what is pancarpal or partial carpal arthrodesis tx for carpal hyperextension

Answer 16

remove cartilage, autogenous cancellous bone graft, rigid fixation

Question 17

how are carpal fractures managed post operatively

Answer 17

coaptation with splint for up to 6 weeks

Question 18

when are screws for reconstruction of radial carpal bone removed

Answer 18

not removed unless they cause a problem

Question 19

what are sesamoid bones

Answer 19

small, round, oblong bones found adjacent to metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 20

what do metacarpal bone fx result from?

Answer 20

direct blow or force to paw or from hyperextension injuries

Question 21

signalment of pt with sesamoid fx

Answer 21

racing greyhounds and rottweilers

Question 22

which sesamoid fractures are most often affected

Answer 22

2 and 7 of forelimb

Question 23

when are the proximal fragments of sesamoid removed

Answer 23

if causing chronic lameness

Question 24

dogs with sesamoid fx may have a hx of what

Answer 24

acute lameness that subsided but recurred with exercise

Question 25

when do luxations of metacarpophalangeal joints or interphalangeal joints occur

Answer 25

working dogs or racingn greyhounds

Question 26

why does early surgical repair yield better results than closed reduction and splintage for luxations of metacarpophalangeal joints or interphalangeal joints

Answer 26

chronic instability leads to DJD and less than optimal function

Question 27

how are acute luxations in working dogs treated

Answer 27

open reductions and suturing of joint capsule and collateral lig

Question 28

how are chronic luxations of the 2nd or 5th toe treated

Answer 28

amputation

Question 29

describe digit amputation

Answer 29

make ellipitical skin incision, preserve pad, remove sesamoid bones

Question 30

describe digit arthodesis

Answer 30

expose joint, open joint capsule, remove articular cartilage, contour surfaces, temporarily hold bones in position, contour small plate and attach, k wire and tension band