Osteology Flashcards
(311 cards)
1
Q
appendicul/o
A
limb; small attached part
2
Q
axi/o
A
axis
3
Q
articul/o
A
joint
4
Q
arthr/o
A
joint
5
Q
a-
A
away from; without
6
Q
-ar
A
pertaining to
7
Q
align/o
A
arranged in a straight line
8
Q
-al
A
pertaining to
9
Q
ankyl/o
A
fused together; stiff
10
Q
alg/o
A
pain
11
Q
amputate/o
A
to cut off
12
Q
amput/o
A
to cut of
13
Q
aut/o
A
self
14
Q
all/o
A
other; strange
15
Q
-ation
A
a process; being or having
16
Q
an-
A
without
17
Q
anti-
A
against
18
Q
bunion/o
A
bunion
19
Q
coron/o
A
structure that encircles (crown)
20
Q
crani/o
A
cranium (skull)
21
Q
cost/o
A
rib
22
Q
chondr/o
A
cartilage
23
Q
cartilagin/o
A
cartilage
24
Q
cervic/o
A
neck; cervix
25
caccyg/o
coccyx (tail bone)
26
clavicul/o
clavicle (collar bone)
27
carp/o
wrist
28
cortic/o
cortex (outer region)
29
comminute/o
break into small pieces
30
compress/o
press together
31
congenit/o
present at birth
32
corpor/o
body
33
diaphys/o
shaft of a bone
34
dactyl/o
finger or toe
35
de-
reversal of
36
dextr/o
right
37
dis-
away from
38
densit/o
densitry
39
ethm/o
sieve
40
-ed
pertaining to
41
extra-
outside of
42
-ee
person who is the object of an action
43
-ectomy
surgical incision
44
extern/o
outside
45
front/o
front
46
femor/o
femur (thigh bone)
47
fibul/o
fibula (lower leg bone)
48
fract/o
break up
49
fixat/o
to make stable or still
50
glen/o
socket of a joint
51
gen/o
arising from; produced by
52
gener/o
production; creation
53
-graphy
process of recording
54
-gram
a record or picture
55
goni/o
angle
56
-graft
tissue for implant or transplant
57
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
58
hy/o
u-shaped structure
59
hem/o
blood
60
ili/o
ilium (hip bone; renal pelvis)
61
ischi/o
ischium (hip bone)
62
-ia
condition; state; thing
63
-ic
pertaining to
64
-ion
action; condition
65
-itis
inflammation of; infection of
66
-ization
process of making, creating, or inserting
67
intra-
within
68
inflammat/o
redness and warmth
69
kyph/o
bent; humpbacked
70
lacrim/o
tears
71
ligament/o
ligament
72
lord/o
swayback
73
lev/o
left
74
locat/o
place
75
mascul/o
muscle
76
mandibul/o
mandible (lower jaw)
77
maxilla/o
maxilla (upper jaw)
78
mast/o
breast; mastoid process
79
medull/o
medulla (inner region)
80
mal-
bad; inadequate
81
-ment
action; state
82
malac/o
softening
83
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord; myelin
84
mineral/o
mineral; electrolyte
85
-metry
process of measuring
86
-meter
instrument used to measure
87
nas/o
nose
88
necr/o
dead cells, tissues, or body
89
non-
not
90
osse/o
bone
91
oste/o
bone
92
occipit/o
occiput (occipital; back of the head)
93
ossificat/o
changing into bone
94
-oma
tumor
95
-osis
condition; abnormal condition; process
96
-osing
a condition of doing
97
-olishthesis
abnormal condition with slipping
98
-oid
resembling
99
orth/o
straight
100
palat/o
palate
101
pariet/o
wall of a cavity
102
pelv/o
pelvis (hip bone; renal pelvis)
103
pub/o
pubis (hip bone)
104
perone/o
fibula (lower leg bone)
105
patell/o
patella (kneecap)
106
path/o
disease; suffering
107
por/o
small openings; pores
108
-pathy
disease; suffering
109
physic/o
body
110
presthet/o
artificial part
111
-plasty
process of reshaping by surgery
112
radi/o
radius (forearm bone); x-rays; radiation
113
rheumat/o
water discharge
114
reduct/o
to bring back; decrease
115
re-
again and again; backward; unable to
116
skelet/o
skeleton
117
sagitt/o
going from front to back
118
sphen/o
wedge shaped
119
styl/o
stake
120
stern/o
sternum (breast bone)
121
sacr/o
sacrum
122
spin/o
spine; backbone
123
synovi/o
synovium (membrane)
124
scoli/o
curved; crooked
125
spondyl/o
vertebra
126
scint/i
point of light
127
-scopy
process of using an instrument to examine
128
sorb/o
to suck up
129
-steroid
steroid
130
steroid/o
steroid
131
termor/o
temple (side of the head)
132
thorac/o
thorax (chest)
133
tars/o
ankle
134
trans-
across; through
135
-tic
pertaining to
136
tom/o
cut; slice; layer
137
tract/o
pulling
138
transplant/o
move something to another place
139
-tome
instrument used to cut; area with distinct edges
140
-tion
a process; being or having
141
uln/o
ulna (forearm bone)
142
-ure
sytsem; result of
143
vertebr/p
vertebra
144
vascul/o
blood vessel
145
-verse
to travel; to turn
146
xiph/o
sword
147
acetabulum
Cup-shaped deep socket in the hip bone that is formed by the ilium and the pubic bone. It is where the head of the femur fits to make the hip joint.
148
articular cartilage
cartilage covering the ends of two bones that make up a synovial joint.
149
calcaneus
Largest of the ankle bones. It is also known as the heel bone.
150
carpal bones
The eight small bones of the wrist joint
151
carp/o-
wrist
152
cervical vertebrae
Vertebrae C1-C7 of the vertebral column in the neck.
153
atlas
C1
154
axis.
C2
155
cervic/o-
CF-neck; cervix
156
clavicle
Rodlike bone along each shoulder; joins with the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula.
157
clavicle
collar bone
158
coccyx
Group of several small, fused vertebrae inferior to the sacrum; tail bone.
159
cranium
Dome-like bone at the top of the head that contains the cranial cavity and the brain and other structures.
160
diaphysis
The straight shaft of a long bone
161
epiphysis
One of the two widened ends of a long bone. It contains the epiphyseal plate where bone growth takes place.
162
femur
Longest bone in body; upper leg; thigh bone.
163
fibula
Thinner of the two bones in the lower leg, located on the little toe side.
164
foramen
A hole in a bone
165
hallux
The great toe.
166
humerus
Long bone of the upper arm.The head fits into the glenoid fossa of the scapula to make the shoulder joint.
167
ilium
Most superior hip bone. It has a broad, flaring iliac crest. Posteriorly each joins the sacrum, and contains the acetabulum, the deep socket of the hip joint.
168
intervertebral disk
circular disks with two flat surfaces; Disk between two vertebrae.
169
joint
Area where two bones come together. It is also known as an articulation.
170
articulation
Area where two bones come together. It is also known as a joint
171
articul/o-
CF -joint
172
ligament
Fibrous bands that hold two bone ends together in a synovial joint. Stps bones from moving too much or in the wrong direction
173
lumbar vertebrae
Vertebrae L1-L5 of the vertebral column in the lower back.
174
lumb/o-
CF -lower back; area between the ribs and pelvis
175
mandible
Facial bone that is the lower jaw and contains the roots of the lower teeth; the only movable bone in the skull; forms a joint in front of the ear with the temporal bone.
176
maxillary bones
Two of these fused together form the facial bone that is the immovable upper jaw bone.
177
meniscus
Crescent shaped cartilage pad found in some synovial joints such as the knee.
178
metacarpal bones
The five bones of the hand, one corresponding to each finger; distal to the carpal bones and proximal to the phalanges.
179
metatarsal bones
The five bones of the midfoot, one corresponding to each toe; distal to the ankle bones and proximal to the phalanges.
180
patella
Thick, round bone anterior to the knee joint; the kneecap.
181
periosteum
Thick, fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone.
182
oste/o-
CF -bone
183
phalanx
One of the individual bones of a finger or toe.
184
digit
finger
185
ray
toe
186
radius
Forearm bone located along the thumb side of the lower arm.
187
rib
one of twelve pairs of bones that form the sides of the thorax.
188
cost/o-
CF- rib
189
sacrum
Group of five fused vertebrae inferior to the lumbar vertebrae.
190
scapula
Triangular shaped bone on each side of the upper back; shoulder blade.
191
sternum
Vertical bone of the anterior thorax to which the clavicle and ribs are attached; breast bone.
192
synovial joint
A fully movable joint.two types
193
hinge joint
elbow and knee; synovial joint
194
ball and socket
shoulder and hip;synovial joint
195
Thoracic vertebrae
Vertebrae T1-T12 of the vertebral column in the area of the chest; joins with one pair of ribs.
196
thorac/o-
CF -thorax (chest)
197
thorax
Bony cage of the chest that contains the thoracic cavity with the heart, lungs, and other structures; the rib cage.
198
Tibia
Large, weight bearing bone of the lower leg located on the great toe side; shin bone
199
ulna
Forearm bone located along the little finger side of the lower arm.
200
olecranon
point of the elbow is a large, square, bony projection on the proximal end.
201
chondroma
Benign tumor of the cartilage.
202
fracture
Broken bone due to an accident, injury, or disease process. Categorized according to how the bone breaks.
203
pathologic fracture
A fracture caused by a disease process such as osteoporosis, bone caner, or metasteses to the bone.
204
closed fracture
Any fracture in which the bone does not break through the overlying skin.
205
open fracture
Any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin; compound fracture.
206
compound fracture
Any fracture in which the bone breaks through the overlying skin. AKA: open fracture
207
Colles' fracture .
Distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand
208
comminuted fracture
Bone is crushed into several small pieces
209
compression fracture
Vertebrae are compressed together when a person falls onto the buttocks or when a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease.
210
greenstick fracture
bone is broken on only one side. This occurs in children because part of the bone is still flexible cartilage.
211
osteomalacia
Abnormal softening of the bones due to a deficiency of vitamin D in the diet or inadequate exposure to the sun whose rays make vitamin D in the skin.
212
malac/o-
CF -softening
213
Axial skeleton
bones of the head, chest and spine
214
myel/o-
CF -bone marrow: spinal cord: myelin
215
osteoporosis .
Abnormal thinning of the bone structure
216
kyphosis
Abnormal, excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine; humpback or hunchback.
217
lordosis
Abnormal, excessive anter curavture of the lumbar spine; swayback
218
scoliosis
Abnormal, excessive, C-shpaed or S-shaped lateral curvature of the spine.
219
arthralgia
Pain in the joint from injury, inflammation, or infection from various causes
220
dislocation
Displacement of the end of a bone from its normal position within a joint.
221
gout
Metabolic disorder that occurs most often in men. There is a high level of uric acid in the blood.
222
Lyme disease
Arthritis caused by a bacterium in the bite of an infected deer tick.
223
osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease; Chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, particularly the large weight-bearing joints (knees, hips) and joints that move repeatedly. (shoulders, neck, hands)
224
degenerative joint disease (DJD)
osteoarthritis
225
rheumatoid arthritis
Acute and chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue, particularly of the joints. An autoimmune disorder in which the patient's own antibodies attack cartilage and connective tissue.
226
sprain
Overstretching or tearing of a ligament around a joint.
227
hallux valgus
Deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes.
228
osteoma
a benign tumor of the bone.
229
osteosarcoma
Malignant bone tumor in which osteoblasts, the cells that form new bone, multiply uncontrollably; osteogenic sarcoma
230
osteogenic
pertaining to arising from the bone
231
sarcoma
tumor or mass of connective tissue
232
rheumatoid factor (RF)
Blood test that is usually positive in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
233
arthrography
Procedure that uses a radiopaque contrast dye that is injected into a joint.
234
arthrogram
x-ray, CT, or MRI image done with an arthrography.
235
bone density test
Procedure that measures the bone mineral density (BMD) to determine if demineralization from osteoporosis has occured.
236
DEXA scan
Bone density test that uses two x-ray beams with different energy levels to create a two-dimensional image.
237
closed reduction
Procedure in which manual manipulation of a displaced fracture is performed so that the bone ends go back into normal alignment without the need for surgery.
238
prosthesis
Orthopedic device such as an artifical leg for a patient who has had an amputation of a limb
239
amputation
Procedure to remove all or part of an extremity because of trauma, cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus.
240
arthrocentesis
Procedure to remove an accumulation of fluid from an injured joint by using a needle inserted into the joint space. Also done to inject a drug to control inflammation and pain.
241
arthrodesis
Procedure to fuse the bones in a degenerated, unstable joint.
242
arthroscopy
Procedure that uses an arthroscope inserted into the joint to visualize structures inside the joint.
243
bone graft
Procedure that uses whole bone or bone chips to repair fractures with extensive bone loss or defects due to bone cancer
244
bunionectomy
Procedure to remove the prominent part of the metatarsal bone that is causing a bunion.
245
joint replacement surgery
Procedure to replace a joint that has been destroyed by disease or osteoarthritis; arthroplasty
246
arthroplasty
joint replacement surgery
247
AKA
Above the Knee Amputation
248
BKA
Below the Knee Amputation
249
DEXA
Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
250
DIP
Distal InterPhalangeal (joint)
251
DJD
Degenerative Joint Disease
252
Fx
Fracture
253
LLE
Left Lower Extremity
254
LUE
Left Upper Extremity
255
NSAID
NonSteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
256
OA
OsteoArthritis
257
PIP
Proximal InterPhalangeal (joint)
258
RA
Rheumatoid Arthritis
259
RLE
Right Lower ExtremityROM Range Of Motion
260
RUE
Right Upper Extremity
261
THR
Total Hip Replacement
262
Ribs number
12 pairs
263
True Ribs
(1-7)Attached to the vertebrae posteriorly & the sternum anteriorly
264
False Ribs
(8-10) Attached to the vertebrae posteriorly & sternum indirectly by cartiledge
265
Floating Rib
Pairs 11 & 12
266
Cartilage
strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone
267
fossa
shallow bone impression where the head of the humerus joins the scapula to make the shoulder joint
268
Iliac crest
superior flaring part of the hip bone
269
Ischium
most inferior of the hip bone
270
synovial joint
joint that is fully movable
271
suture joint
between cranial bone; immovable
272
symphysis joint
between vertebrae; slightly movable
273
osteoclasts
A bone cell that breaks down substances
274
osteoblasts
deposit new bone tissue in those areas of osteoclast removed; immature bone cell
275
osteocytes
A bone cell that maintains the minimal content
276
Cancellous bone
spongy bone in the epiphyses(end) of long bones filled with red marrow-skull, clavicle, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, & hip
277
Cortical bone
dense compact weight bearing bone along the diaphysis or shaft of a long bone
278
Osteoporpsis treatment
bone density test; drug to decrease rate of bone resorption; drug to activate estradiol receptors; Calcium supplement
279
Corticosteroid
decrease severe inflammation, treat rheumatoid arthritis and some can be given by intra-articular injection into the joint.
280
Appendicular skeleton
bones of the shoulders, arms, hips, & legs
281
Nucleous pulpous
geletinous substance between the intervertebral disks; used for cushioning
282
Glenoid
socket of a joint
283
Greater trochanter
fits into the ilium at the acetabulum
284
ileum
third part of the small intestine; vitamin B absorption
285
axi/o-
CF- axis
286
cervic/o-
CF -neck; cervix
287
glen/o-
CF -socket of a joint
288
articul/o-
CF- joint
289
oste/o-
CF-bone
290
-clast
S-cell that breaks down substances
291
-blast
S-immature cell
292
por/o-
CF-small openings; pores
293
malac/o-
CF-softening
294
Chondr/o-
CF-cartilage
295
myel/o-
CF-bone marrow; spinal cord
296
epiphys/o-
CF-growth area on the end of a bone
297
ili/o-
ilium-hip bone
298
strain
over stretch tendon
299
arthralgia
condition of joint pain
300
hemarthrosis
blood in the joint cavity from trauma or a wound
301
corticosteroid drugs
used to suppress inflammation
302
Arthrodesis
surgical procedure to fuse the bones;
303
-desis
S-procedure to fuse together and last
304
Reduct/o-
CF-to bring back; decrease
305
orth/o-
CF-straight
306
myel/o-
CF- bone marrow
307
-trophy
S-process of development
308
-rrhaphy
S-to suture together
309
my/p-
CF- muscle
310
-plasty
CF- surgical repair
311
scoli/o-
CF- curved
