Osteology/Embryology of the Anterior Thorax

Question 1

What vertebral levels correspond to the position of the corpus sterni?

Answer 1

T5-T9

Question 2

How many sternabrae for the corpus sterni?

Answer 2

4 sternabrae

Question 3

What surface feature on the corpus sterni identifies the location of the synchondrosis?

Answer 3

transverse lines

Question 4

What articular sites for the costal cartilage of ribs will be identified on the corpus sterni?

Answer 4

costal notches II-VII

Question 5

What feature of the corpus sterni is present in 4-7% of the population?

Answer 5

a sternal foramen

Question 6

What causes the appearance of the sternal foramen?

Answer 6

failure of the ossification centers of the sternum to fuse together normally

Question 7

What attaches to the scalene tubercle of the first rib?

Answer 7

the anterior scalene muscle

Question 8

Which groove on the body (corpus or shaft) of the first rib is close to the vertebral end?

Answer 8

the groove for the subclavian artery and the first thoracic nerve

Question 9

Which groove on the body (corpus or shaft) of the first rib is close to the sternal end?

Answer 9

the groove for the subclavian vein

Question 10

What specifically will attach to the crest of the neck of the second rib?

Answer 10

the superior costotransverse ligament from the transverse process of T1

Question 11

What specifically attaches to the back of the neck of the second rib?

Answer 11

the inferior costotransverse ligament from the transverse process of T2

Question 12

What unique feature is present on the body (corpus or shaft) of the second rib?

Answer 12

the tuberosity for the serratus anterior

Question 13

Which ribs are classified as typical ribs, true ribs, costa cerae, and vertebrosternal ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 13

ribs 3-7

Question 14

Which ribs are classified as atypical ribs, true ribs, costa verae, and vertebrosternal ribs in typical adult skeleton?

Answer 14

ribs 1 and 2

Question 15

Which ribs are classified as typical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 15

ribs 8 and 9

Question 16

Which ribs are classified as atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebrochondral ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 16

rib 10

Question 17

Which ribs are classified as atypical ribs, false ribs, costa spuriae, and vertebral ribs in the typical adult skeleton?

Answer 17

ribs 11 and 12

Question 18

What is the classification of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 18

cartilaginous (ampharthrosis) synchondrosis

Question 19

What is the classification of the second - seventh sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 19

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 20

Which of the sternocostal or sternochondral ligaments is unique to the second sternocostal or sternochondral joint?

Answer 20

the intra-articular ligament

Question 21

What is the classification of the sixth through the ninth interchondral joints?

Answer 21

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)

Question 22

What is the classification of the fifth - sixth or ninth - tenth interchondral joint?

Answer 22

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

Question 23

Which costal cartilages fail to form a joint at their sternal end?

Answer 23

the eleventh and twelfth costal cartilages

Question 24

What separates the manubrium sterni and corpus sterni?

Answer 24

the manubriosternal symphysis

Question 25

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the manubrium?

Answer 25

1-3 centers have been identified

Question 26

How many primary centers of ossification appear in the corpus sterni?

Answer 26

typically 6

Question 27

In what part of the sternum will a secondary center of ossification appear?

Answer 27

the xiphoid process

Question 28

In what part of the rib will primary centers of ossification appear?

Answer 28

the body (corpus, shaft)

Question 29

In what parts of the rib will secondary centers of ossification appear?

Answer 29

the head, articular surface of the tubercle and the non-articular surface of the tubercle

Question 30

Which ribs will demonstrate secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 30

ribs 1-10

Question 31

Which ribs lack secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 31

ribs 11 and 12

Question 32

Which ribs demonstrate three secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 32

ribs 2-9

Question 33

Which ribs have only two secondary centers of ossification?

Answer 33

ribs 1 and 10