The Eye and Ear

Question 1

What muscles are present in the iris?

Answer 1

sphincter pupillae and dilator pupillae

Question 2

What is the innervation of the sphincter pupillae?

Answer 2

oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

Question 3

What is the innervation of the ciliaris muscle?

Answer 3

oculomotor nerve, parasympathetic pathway

Question 4

What is the function of the rod cell?

Answer 4

provide vision in dim light conditions

Question 5

What is the function of the cone cell?

Answer 5

provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

Question 6

What is the most numberous photoreceptor cell?

Answer 6

rod cell

Question 7

What forms the optic nerve?

Answer 7

axons of ganglion cells

Question 8

What are the parts of the uveal tract of the eyeball?

Answer 8

iris, ciliary body, choroid & pupil

Question 9

What occurs at the optic chiasma?

Answer 9

part of the optic nerve decussates

Question 10

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 10

between the cornea and iris

Question 11

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 11

between the iris and lens

Question 12

What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 12

aqueous humor

Question 13

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

Answer 13

aqueous humor

Question 14

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

Answer 14

vitreous chamber

Question 15

What fills the vitreous chamber?

Answer 15

vitreous body

Question 16

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extraocular muscles?

Answer 16

they all originate from a common annular tendon in the orbit
they all insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

Question 17

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extraocular muscles?

Answer 17

both insert onto sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equator

Question 18

What is the common characteristic concerning the insertion of the superior and inferior rectus extraocular muscles?

Answer 18

they insert onto the sclera of the eyeball in front of the coronal equator and are displaced slightly medially

Question 19

What is the embryonic origin of the extraocular muscles or extrinsic muscles of the eyeball?

Answer 19

the skeletal muscle is derived from the somites hence somatic efferent (SE)

Question 20

Which nerves will innervate specific extrinsic/extraocular muscles?

Answer 20

oculomotor - superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique
trochlear - superior oblique
abducens/abducent - lateral rectus

Question 21

Which of the cranial nuclei of termination contain primary afferent neurons?

Answer 21

mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

Question 22

What is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve?

Answer 22

ciliary ganglion

Question 23

What is unique about the vascular supply of the retina?

Answer 23

a single vessel supplies it

Question 24

What vessel supplies the inner tunic of the eyeball?

Answer 24

central artery of the retina

Question 25

What is the name given to the "goat's beard" of the auricle?

Answer 25

tragus

Question 26

What is the name of the palpable posterior projection of the eminentia concha of the auricle?

Answer 26

ponticulus

Question 27

Which cranial nerve will innervate the muscles of the auricle?

Answer 27

the facial nerve

Question 28

Sensory innervation of the auricle is derived from which nerves?

Answer 28

greater auricular (ventral rami C2, C3) lesser occipital nerve (ventral rami C2, possibly C3) auriculotemporal nerve (mandibular division, trigeminal) posterior auricular cutaneous nerve (facial) auricular nerve (vagus)

Question 29

The lateral third of the external acoustic meatus is protected by ___ .

Answer 29

cartilage

Question 30

The medial part of the external acoustic meatus is protected by ____ .

Answer 30

the temporal bone

Question 31

Skin lining the external acoustic meatus contains what modified sebaceous glands?

Answer 31

ceruminous glands

Question 32

What is cerumen?

Answer 32

the product of ceruminous glands forming the bulk of ear wax

Question 33

What are the characteristics of the parotid gland?

Answer 33

it is lobulated, yellowish, encapsulated and an exocrine gland

Question 34

What vein is formed within the parotid gland?

Answer 34

the retromandibular vein

Question 35

Within the parotid gland what does the facial nerve form?

Answer 35

the facial nerve plexus

Question 36

What are the braches of the facial nerve plexus?

Answer 36

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical branches

Question 37

What branch of the facial nerve penetrates the parotid gland, but is not given off within it?

Answer 37

the chorda tympani nerve