Osteology of the Thigh and Gluteal Region Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
general aspects of the femur
A
- proximal extremity
- shaft
- distal extremity
2
Q
femur articulates with
A
- os coxae (hip joint)
- patella (knee joint)
- tibia (knee joint)
3
Q
internal architecture of the femur
A
has typical architecture of a long bone
4
Q
central portion of the shaft of the femur is a
A
hollow cylinder of compact bone
5
Q
extremities of the femur consist of what
A
a thin shell of compact bone (cortical bone) and a central core of spongy bone (cancellous bone)
6
Q
the trabeculae of the spongy bone in the extremities are arranged to transmit weight from
A
the proximal extremity to the shaft
7
Q
in the proximal extremity of the femur the trabeculae are arranged to transmit weight from
A
the head –> neck –> shaft
8
Q
what is the calcar femorale
A
trabeculae that is very large and passes from the neck to the shaft beneath the lesser trochanter
9
Q
angle of inclination
A
in the anatomical position the shaft of the femur is not vertical b/c the distal extremity moves towards the midline of the body
10
Q
angle of inclination is the angle between
A
- the longitudinal axis of the shaft and the longitudinal axis of the neck
- angle varies with age, sex, and bony development
11
Q
what is the angle of inclination at birth and as an adult
A
birth ~140
adult ~ 90-130
12
Q
angle of femoral torsion (angle of declinaion or ante torsion)
A
angle represents the amount of medial (internal) rotation of the shaft of the femur
13
Q
angle of femoral torsion is the angle between
A
the longitudinal axis of the neck and the bicondylar line
14
Q
what is the angle of femoral torsion at birth and as an adult?
A
birth ~ 30
adult ~ 15-20
15
Q
angle of anteversion
A
is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the neck and the frontal plane
16
Q
what is the angle of anteversion at birth and as an adult
A
birth ~ 60 external
adult ~ 10 external
17
Q
what does the proximal extremity of the femur consist of
A
- head
- neck
- greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter
18
Q
the head of the femur articulates with
A
acetabulum
19
Q
head of femur is mostly covered with
A
articular cartilage
20
Q
oval depression of the head near the centre is called
A
fovea capitis femoris
21
Q
neck of the femur connects what
A
the head to the shaft
22
Q
the neck is rough for
A
ligamentous attachment
23
Q
greater trochanter
A
quadrilateral projection at the lateral aspect of the junction of the neck and shaft
24
Q
greater trochanter consists of what surfaces and borders
A
medial and lateral sufraces
anterior, posterior, superior and inferior borders
25
what surface of the GT contains the trochanteric or digital fossa?
medial surface
26
lesser trochanter extends
posteriorly and medially from the base of the neck
27
where is the tubercle of the femur located
at the junction of the intertrochanteric line and the anterior border or the greater trochanter
28
intertrochanteric crest courses from
the greater to the lesser trochanter on the posterior surface
29
where is the quadrate tubercle located?
at the midpoint of the intertrochanteric crest
30
intertrochanteric line courses from
the greater to the lesser trochanter on the anterior surface; it continues inferiorly on the shaft as the spiral line
31
describe the shaft of the femur
narrowest in the middle and flares at the proximal and distal extremity
32
the middle third of the shaft of the femur contains
- medial, lateral and posterior (line aspera) borders
| - anterior, medial and lateral surfaces
33
the posterior border of the shaft of the femur splits into
the upper and lower thirds of the shaft to add a posterior surface
34
what is the name of the lower third posterior surface of the shaft of the femur
popliteal surface
35
medial lip
- extending inferiorly and ending at the adductor tubercle is the medial supracondylar line
- extending superiorly is the spiral line which continues superiorly to the intertrochanteric line
36
lateral lip
- extending inferiorly is the lateral supracondylar line
| - extending superiorly is the gluteal tuberosity which ends at the inferior border of the greater trochanter
37
the gluteal tuberosity has a ____ and _____ lip
medial and lateral
38
if there is a tubercle in the proximal portion of the gluteal tuberosity it is called
the third trochanter
39
middle or intermeidal lip
- there is no inferior projection
| - extending superiorly is the pectineal line
40
continuous line formed by
- the posterior border and its projections, and components of the proximal extremity
- Adductor tubercle > medial supracondylar line > medial lip of linea aspera > spiral line > intertrochanteric line > tubercle of femur > anterior border of greater trochanter > inferior border of greater trochanter > gluteal tuberosity > lateral lip of linea aspera > lateral supracondylar line
41
the distal extremity of the femur consists of
medial and lateral condyles
42
the distal ends of the condyles articulate with
the condyles of the tibia
43
the condyles are connected anteriorly by
the patellar (trochlear) surface
44
the condyles are separated posteriorly by
the intercondylar fossa or notch
45
medial condyle of the femur extends further
inferior than the lateral condyle
46
medial condyle of the femur contains
- medial epicondyle
| - adductor tubercle
47
lateral condyle contains
lateral epicondyle
48
what type of bone is the os coxae
irregular shaped bone
49
what does the os coxae from
the bony pelvis with the sacrum and the os coxae from the contralateral side
50
the os coxae is formed by the union of the
ilium, ischium and pubis
51
acetabulum marks the point of
union of all 3 bones (ilium, ischium and pubis)
52
what is the acetabulum
a cup-shaped articular cavity located on the lateral side of the external surface
53
os coxae articular with
- opposite os coxae (pubic symphysis)
- sacrum (sacroiliac joint)
- femur (hip joint)
54
what is the obturator foramen
- a large opening that is surrounded by the ischium and pubis
- it is mostly closed over by an obturator membrane except for the obturator canal
55
in the skeleton the os coxae sits so that the junction between the true and false pelvis is angulated about -- from the transverse plane
45'
56
the ilium forms the --- portion of the os coxae
superior portion
57
the ilium is divided into a body and an ala by
the arcuate line internally and the upper border of the acetabulum externally
58
the body of the ilium contains what surfaces
femoral surface and pelvic surface
59
describe the femoral surface of the body of the ilium
- forms part of the lunate surface and acetabular fossa of the acetabulum
- iliopectineal eminence (iliopubic eminence) located at the junction of the body of the ilium and the lateral portion of the superior ramus of the pubis
60
ala of the ilium contains what surfaces
gluteal and pelvic surface
61
the gluteal surface of the ala contains what lines?
Posterior gluteal line.
Anterior gluteal line.
Inferior gluteal line.
62
the pelvic surface of the ilium contains
Iliac fossa.
Auricular surface.
Iliac tuberosity
63
describe the ala of the ilium
- crest of the ilium
- S-shaped and ends in the anterior superior iliac spine and the posterior superior iliac spine
- composed of an external, intermediate, and internal lip
64
anterior border of the ala contains
Anterior superior iliac spine.
Anterior inferior iliac spine.
Notch between the spines
65
posterior border of the ala contains
Posterior superior iliac spine.
Posterior inferior iliac spine.
Notch between the spines.
Beginning of the greater sciatic notch.
66
bruising of the crest of the ilium is a
hip pointer
67
use of the ASIS and the tip of the medial malleolus is used for
limb length measurements
68
what does the ischium form
the inferior portion of the os coxae
69
the ischium is divded into
a body and a rams
70
superior portion of the body of the ischium
Femoral surface: Forms part of the lunate surface and acetabular fossa of the acetabulum, and most of the acetabular notch.
Pelvic surface.
Posterior border: Contains the ischial spine, part of the greater sciatic notch, and the lesser sciatic notch.
Anterior border: Contains the obturator tubercle.
71
inferior portion of the body of he ilium
Anterior surface.
Pelvic surface.
Posterior surface: Contains the ischial tuberosity.
72
ramus of the ischium includes what borders and surfaces
Anterior surface.
Pelvic surface.
Medial border.
Lateral border.
73
what forms the ischiopubic ramus
-the ramus of the ischium and the inferior ramus of the pubis
74
the pubis forms what portion of the os coxae
anterior portion
75
the pubis is divided into
body
superior ramus
inferior ramus
76
body of pubis contains the following
- anterior surface
- pelvic surface
- superior surface
77
superior surface of the body of the pubis contains
```
Angle of the pubis.
Crest of the pubis.
Pubic tubercle.
Initial part of the pectineal line.
Medial border:
```
78
medial border of the body of the pubis forms
part of the pubic symphysis
79
inferior ramus of the pubis contains what surfaces and borders
Anterior surface.
Pelvic surface.
Medial border.
Lateral border
80
medial portion of the superior ramus contains what surfaces
- pectineal or superior surface
- pelvic surface
- obturator or inferior surface
81
pectineal or superior surface
bounded posteriorly by the pectineal line, and anteriorly by the obturator crest
82
obturator or inferior surface
contains the obturator groove
83
linea terminalis fromed by
- the crest of the pubis, pubic tubercle, pectineal line, and arcuate line
- marks the boundary between the true and false pelvis
84
lateral portion of the superior ramus contains
- femoral surface
| - pelvis surface
85
femoral surface of the lateral portion of the pubis forms
part of the lunate surface and acetabular fossa of the acetabulum, and part of the acetabular notch
86
sacrum formed by
the fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae
87
pelvis, anterior and ventral surface of the sacrum
- four transverse ridges
- four pairs of ventral or anterior sacral foramina
- sacral promontory
88
sacral promontory
anterior projecting edge of the first sacral vertebrae
89
posterior or dorsal surface contains
- median sacral crest
- sacral grooves
- intermediate sacral crests
- lateral sacral crests
- 4 pairs or dorsal or posterior sacral foramina
- sacral hiatus
- sacral cornu
90
median sacral crest formed by
the fused spinous processes and contains four tubercles (no 5th due to sacral hiatus)
91
sacral grooved formed by
the fused lamina
92
intermediate sacral crests
-formed by the fused articular processes and contains 4 tubercles (5th forms the sacral cornu)
93
lateral sacral crests
-formed by the fused transverse processes and contains 5 transverse tubercles
94
lateral surface of the sacrum contains
- auricular surface
| - sacral tuberosity (actually a depression)
95
base of the sacrum contains
- body
- 2 ala
- articulates with the 5th lumbar vertebrae
96
apex of the sacrum articulates with
the coccyx
