Osteomylitis

Question 1

What is osteomyelitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation of bone and bone marrow, often due to dental infection.

Question 2

What are the main causes of osteomyelitis?

Answer 2

Dental infection, trauma, and hematogenous spread.

Question 3

Name three types of acute osteomyelitis.

Answer 3

Suppurative, sclerosing, and proliferative.

Question 4

What are signs of acute osteomyelitis?

Answer 4

Swelling, severe pain, fever, and lymph node tenderness.

Question 5

What does acute osteomyelitis look like on X-ray?

Answer 5

Moth-eaten radiolucency with ill-defined borders.

Question 6

What is a sequestrum?

Answer 6

Dead bone fragment with empty osteocyte lacunae.

Question 7

What is involucrum?

Answer 7

New bone formed around a sequestrum.

Question 8

What is the main treatment for acute osteomyelitis?

Answer 8

Antibiotics and sequestrectomy.

Question 9

What characterizes chronic osteomyelitis?

Answer 9

Persistent inflammation, swelling, pain, and sinus tracts.

Question 10

What radiographic feature suggests chronic osteomyelitis?

Answer 10

Mottled radiolucency with indistinct margins.

Question 11

What therapy is helpful in chronic cases?

Answer 11

Hyperbaric oxygen.

Question 12

What are contraindications of hyperbaric oxygen?

Answer 12

Viral disease, lung disease, optic neuritis, malignancy.

Question 13

What is focal sclerosing osteomyelitis?

Answer 13

A localized bone sclerosis near tooth roots.

Question 14

Is focal sclerosing osteomyelitis symptomatic?

Answer 14

Usually not, often discovered on routine X-ray.

Question 15

What causes diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis?

Answer 15

Chronic infection often in middle-aged Black women.

Question 16

What is the radiographic sign of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis?

Answer 16

Ill-defined sclerotic lesion with periosteal thickening.

Question 17

What is the histologic feature of diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis?

Answer 17

Irregular bone trabeculae and chronic inflammation.

Question 18

What is Garre’s osteomyelitis?

Answer 18

A non-suppurative chronic osteomyelitis with new periosteal bone.

Question 19

What causes Garre’s osteomyelitis?

Answer 19

Dental infections, usually in young patients.

Question 20

What is the classic radiographic appearance of Garre’s osteomyelitis?

Answer 20

Onion-skin layering of bone.

Question 21

What is chronic tendoperiostitis?مهم

Answer 21

Jaw bone thickening from chronic muscle overuse.

Question 22

What are symptoms of chronic tendoperiostitis?

Answer 22

Cheek swelling, pain, trismus, no response to antibiotics.

Question 23

What causes chronic tendoperiostitis?

Answer 23

Bruxism, clenching, nail biting.

Question 24

How is chronic tendoperiostitis treated?

Answer 24

Stop muscle overuse habits.

Question 25

What is osteoradionecrosis?

Answer 25

Bone death from radiation-induced vascular damage.

Question 26

What are triggers for osteoradionecrosis?

Answer 26

Tooth extraction, infection, periodontal disease.

Question 27

Why is irradiated bone prone to infection?

Answer 27

Reduced blood supply and damaged bone cells.

Question 28

What precautions should dentists take with irradiated patients?

Answer 28

Avoid extractions and ensure good oral hygiene.

Question 29

What is a dry socket?

Answer 29

Painful exposed bone after tooth extraction due to clot loss.

Question 30

What causes dry socket?

Answer 30

Fibrinolysis due to plasmin activation.

Question 31

Name 3 dry socket risk factors.

Answer 31

Smoking, trauma, oral contraceptives.

Question 32

What are dry socket symptoms?

Answer 32

Throbbing pain, bad odor, bare socket.

Question 33

How long can dry socket pain last?

Answer 33

Up to 40 days.

Question 34

What is the first step in dry socket management?

Answer 34

X-ray to rule out retained fragments.

Question 35

What is used for dry socket irrigation?

Answer 35

Warm saline and chlorhexidine.

Question 36

What can be used for dressing in dry socket?

Answer 36

Alveogyl or iodoform gauze with antibiotics.

Question 37

What medications are useful in dry socket?

Answer 37

Tetracycline and antifibrinolytics.

Question 38

How often should dry socket dressings be changed?

Answer 38

Daily for 3 days, then every 2 days.

Question 39

Why are ointments avoided in dry socket?

Answer 39

They act as foreign bodies and delay healing.

Question 40

What is the healing pathway after extraction?

Answer 40

Clot → granulation tissue → bone formation.

Question 41

What is the histology of chronic osteomyelitis?

Answer 41

Dense sclerotic bone with fibrous marrow and inflammation.

Question 42

What is the main microbial cause of osteomyelitis?

Answer 42

Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci.

Question 43

What radiographic clue indicates sequestered bone?

Answer 43

Dead bone with no living osteocytes.

Question 44

What systemic diseases predispose to osteomyelitis?

Answer 44

Diabetes, sickle cell, cancer, immunosuppression.

Question 45

What is the effect of actinomycosis on bone?

Answer 45

Chronic bacterial infection causing osteomyelitis.