OTC, Herbs, Drug Regulation

Question 1

Mech of Decongestants

Answer 1

Vasoconstrictors

Sympathomimetics

Question 2

List of decongestants

Answer 2

Oxymetazoline
Phenylephrine
Pseudophedrine - restricted sales

Question 3

Difference in systemic vs Topical decongestants

Answer 3

Topical, Sprays - faster, rebound congestion (tolerance), less peripheral effects
Less likely to increase blood pressure, more effective

Oral (systemic) - longer laster, increases blood pressure

Question 4

Rhinorrhea

Answer 4

Theory - it has a defensive function

Drying agents are for convenience, but may prolong infection by diminishing cleansing action of secretions

Question 5

Antihistamines

Each treat what

Answer 5

Diphenhydramine - allergy (drowsiness)
Chlorpheniramine - colds and allergies
Loratidine - allergy - (less drowsiness)

Question 6

Anittussives

Answer 6

Codeine
Diphenhydramine
Dextromethorphan

Question 7

Productive cough

Answer 7

moving mucus and cell debris

don’t treat

Question 8

Expectorant
action
drug

Answer 8

increases productive cough, increases mucus formation, thins mucus
Guaifenesin

Question 9

Demulcents

what, do what

Answer 9

Cough drops/syrup

coat the throat to reduce irritation

Question 10

Action of water/humidification

Answer 10

decrease viscosity of respiratory secretions

Question 11

Antivirals
benefit when
drugs

Answer 11

Benefit if taken early, can shorten infection time

Oseltamivir - not OTC
Zanamivir - not OTC
Docosanol -(abreva), cold sores

Question 12

Analgesics

drugs with pros and cons of each

Answer 12

Aspirin - Reyes syndrome, never to children, GI irritation, acetylsalicylic acid, anit clotting
Good analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory

Acetaminophen - give to children, antipyretic
not good anti-inflammatory
not as GI irritating
liver toxicity

Ibuprofen - similar to aspirin, Reyes is rare

Naproxen - long lasting

Question 13

Zinc
designed to treat what
side effects

Answer 13

to treat colds

bad taste, nausea, damage to sense of smell

Question 14

Phenol
used for
contraindicated when

Answer 14

used for oral anesthetic/analgesic

contraindicated if allergic to local anesthetics

Question 15

Caffeine
Category name
action
Effects

Answer 15

Xanthine - adenosine antagonist
Stimulant - diminishes fatigue and sleepiness
Minor CVS effects - some constriction of cerebral vessels
Gastric secretion, Kidneys - mild diuretic
Decreases bloating associated with menstruation

Question 16

Nicotine
treats what
side effects

Answer 16

treats tobacco dependence

dizziness, headaches, nausea

Question 17

Diphenhydramine used as

Answer 17

antihistamine, sleep aid

Question 18

Miconazole

Answer 18

antifungal

treats thrush, vaginal infections

Question 19

Neosporin/Polysporin

Answer 19

Antibiotic
First aid, preventive on minor abrasions
only otc antibiotic

Question 20

Hydrocortisone

Answer 20

anit-inflammatory, anti-itching

dermal lesions, eczema, insect bites, poison ivy

Question 21

Capsaicin

Answer 21

Pain relief
topical ointment
TRPV channels

Question 22

Scopolamine

Answer 22

anticholinergic

motion sickness

Question 23

Dimenhydrinate

Answer 23

anticholinergic
motion sickness
side effects: dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, reduced urinating

Question 24

Minoxidil

Answer 24

Rogaine - hair growth

Vasodilator - causes rapid heart beat

Question 25

Hemorrhoids

Answer 25

Phenylephrine | vasoconstriction

Question 26

Marijuana What syndrome Endogenous ligand

Answer 26

amotivation syndrome | Anandamide - natural neurotransmitter

Question 27

Marijuana effects on systems

Answer 27

Activates cannabinoid receptors Bronchodilator - causes reflex increase in heart contractions Vasodilator Tolerance and dependence Many Cannabinoids agonists developed for street drugs - 'spice'

Question 28

Therapeutic considerations for Marijuana

Answer 28

``` Nausea Appetite stimulant Glaucoma Chronic pain CBD - (cannabidiol) - analog promoted as antiseizure, not as addicting as THC ```

Question 29

Legal status of Marijuana

Answer 29

Schedule I Federal laws | variable according to state laws (illegal, medical, legal)

Question 30

Regulation of herbal products | what is an herbal product

Answer 30

DSHEA - Dietary supplemental health and education act taken by mouth and contains a dietary ingredient to supplement diet. May include vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanical and nutrients

Question 31

Once marketed, who is responsible for assuring dietary supplement is safe

Answer 31

FDA | products cannot be promoted to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease

Question 32

St. John's Wort | for what

Answer 32

promoted to treat depression

Question 33

Echinacea promoted to treat what

Answer 33

colds

Question 34

Aloe Vera promoted to treat what

Answer 34

skin care - help with burns | dietary supplement to treat constipation

Question 35

Garlic promoted to treat

Answer 35

slowly lowers cholesterol (minor effect)

Question 36

Ginko promoted to treat

Answer 36

improve memory

Question 37

Ginseng

Answer 37

boost immune system | may lower blood sugar

Question 38

DEA

Answer 38

Drug Enforcement Administration

Question 39

Mission of DEA

Answer 39

enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the USA Address issues of illegal growing, manufacturing or distribution both domestically and internationally

Question 40

Drug Czar heads up the ONDCP (office of national drug control policy)

Answer 40

evaluates, coordinates and oversees both international and domestic anti-drug efforts oversees DEA, NIDA, and NIAAA activates the budget

Question 41

DEA oversees programs that deal with

Answer 41

illicit and prescribed Scheduled drugs (schedules 1-5) Drug eradication Drug education assist state and local agencies, civic groups, school systems and officials to combat drug abuse Help secure borders against drug trafficking

Question 42

Schedule I drugs

Answer 42

substances have no currently accepted medical use in US, lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision, high potential for abuse Heroin, LSD, marijuana

Question 43

Schedule II and IIN substances

Answer 43

``` Have high potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence Oxycodone Percocet Hydrocodone, morphine, opium Hydromorphone methadone meperidine ```

Question 44

Hydrocodone schedule

Answer 44

Schedule II

Question 45

Schedule III or IIIN substances

Answer 45

Have a potential for abuse less than schedules I or II and abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence Narcotics with not more than 90 mg of codeine Tylenol with codeine buprenorphine

Question 46

Schedule IV substances

Answer 46

``` Have low potential for abuse relative to III Tramadol Alprazolam carisoprodol, clonazepam ```

Question 47

Schedule V

Answer 47

Substances have low potential for abuse relative to IV, and consists primarily of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics Cough medicines are an example

Question 48

Tramadol is what schedule | Hydrocodone is what schedule

Answer 48

IV | II

Question 49

DOPL

Answer 49

Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing | works with Utah Controlled Substance Database (UCSD)

Question 50

DOPL keeps track of what data

Answer 50

dispensing of schedule II-V drugs by retail, outpatient hospital pharmacies, and institutes

Question 51

Purpose of DOPL

Answer 51

to identify over-utilization, misuse and over prescribing of controlled substances thoughout the state

Question 52

How DOPL works

Answer 52

Outpatient pharmacies report dispensing of scheduled drugs within 7 days and the data are posted within 24 hours after receipt

Question 53

Who are not required to report to UCSD (utah controlled substance database)

Answer 53

Prescriptions at federal facilities (VA, military) Out of state pharmacies Pharmacies servicing in-patient populations (hospitals)