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Disease and Ther. Final > OTC, Herbs, Drug Regulation > Flashcards

OTC, Herbs, Drug Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Mech of Decongestants

A

Vasoconstrictors

Sympathomimetics

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2
Q

List of decongestants

A

Oxymetazoline
Phenylephrine
Pseudophedrine - restricted sales

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3
Q

Difference in systemic vs Topical decongestants

A

Topical, Sprays - faster, rebound congestion (tolerance), less peripheral effects
Less likely to increase blood pressure, more effective

Oral (systemic) - longer laster, increases blood pressure

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4
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Theory - it has a defensive function

Drying agents are for convenience, but may prolong infection by diminishing cleansing action of secretions

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5
Q

Antihistamines

Each treat what

A

Diphenhydramine - allergy (drowsiness)
Chlorpheniramine - colds and allergies
Loratidine - allergy - (less drowsiness)

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6
Q

Anittussives

A

Codeine
Diphenhydramine
Dextromethorphan

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7
Q

Productive cough

A

moving mucus and cell debris

don’t treat

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8
Q

Expectorant
action
drug

A

increases productive cough, increases mucus formation, thins mucus
Guaifenesin

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9
Q

Demulcents

what, do what

A

Cough drops/syrup

coat the throat to reduce irritation

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10
Q

Action of water/humidification

A

decrease viscosity of respiratory secretions

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11
Q

Antivirals
benefit when
drugs

A

Benefit if taken early, can shorten infection time

Oseltamivir - not OTC
Zanamivir - not OTC
Docosanol -(abreva), cold sores

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12
Q

Analgesics

drugs with pros and cons of each

A

Aspirin - Reyes syndrome, never to children, GI irritation, acetylsalicylic acid, anit clotting
Good analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory

Acetaminophen - give to children, antipyretic
not good anti-inflammatory
not as GI irritating
liver toxicity

Ibuprofen - similar to aspirin, Reyes is rare

Naproxen - long lasting

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13
Q

Zinc
designed to treat what
side effects

A

to treat colds

bad taste, nausea, damage to sense of smell

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14
Q

Phenol
used for
contraindicated when

A

used for oral anesthetic/analgesic

contraindicated if allergic to local anesthetics

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15
Q

Caffeine
Category name
action
Effects

A

Xanthine - adenosine antagonist
Stimulant - diminishes fatigue and sleepiness
Minor CVS effects - some constriction of cerebral vessels
Gastric secretion, Kidneys - mild diuretic
Decreases bloating associated with menstruation

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16
Q

Nicotine
treats what
side effects

A

treats tobacco dependence

dizziness, headaches, nausea

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17
Q

Diphenhydramine used as

A

antihistamine, sleep aid

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18
Q

Miconazole

A

antifungal

treats thrush, vaginal infections

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19
Q

Neosporin/Polysporin

A

Antibiotic
First aid, preventive on minor abrasions
only otc antibiotic

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20
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

anit-inflammatory, anti-itching

dermal lesions, eczema, insect bites, poison ivy

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21
Q

Capsaicin

A

Pain relief
topical ointment
TRPV channels

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22
Q

Scopolamine

A

anticholinergic

motion sickness

23
Q

Dimenhydrinate

A

anticholinergic
motion sickness
side effects: dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, reduced urinating

24
Q

Minoxidil

A

Rogaine - hair growth

Vasodilator - causes rapid heart beat

25
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Phenylephrine

vasoconstriction

26
Q

Marijuana
What syndrome
Endogenous ligand

A

amotivation syndrome

Anandamide - natural neurotransmitter

27
Q

Marijuana effects on systems

A

Activates cannabinoid receptors
Bronchodilator - causes reflex increase in heart contractions
Vasodilator
Tolerance and dependence
Many Cannabinoids agonists developed for street drugs - ‘spice’

28
Q

Therapeutic considerations for Marijuana

A 
Nausea
Appetite stimulant
Glaucoma
Chronic pain
CBD - (cannabidiol) - analog promoted as antiseizure, not as addicting as THC
29
Q

Legal status of Marijuana

A

Schedule I Federal laws

variable according to state laws (illegal, medical, legal)

30
Q

Regulation of herbal products

what is an herbal product

A

DSHEA - Dietary supplemental health and education act
taken by mouth and contains a dietary ingredient to supplement diet.
May include vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanical and nutrients

31
Q

Once marketed, who is responsible for assuring dietary supplement is safe

A

FDA

products cannot be promoted to diagnose, cure, or prevent disease

32
Q

St. John’s Wort

for what

A

promoted to treat depression

33
Q

Echinacea promoted to treat what

A

colds

34
Q

Aloe Vera promoted to treat what

A

skin care - help with burns

dietary supplement to treat constipation

35
Q

Garlic promoted to treat

A

slowly lowers cholesterol (minor effect)

36
Q

Ginko promoted to treat

A

improve memory

37
Q

Ginseng

A

boost immune system

may lower blood sugar

38
Q

DEA

A

Drug Enforcement Administration

39
Q

Mission of DEA

A

enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the USA
Address issues of illegal growing, manufacturing or distribution both domestically and internationally

40
Q

Drug Czar heads up the ONDCP (office of national drug control policy)

A

evaluates, coordinates and oversees both international and domestic anti-drug efforts
oversees DEA, NIDA, and NIAAA
activates the budget

41
Q

DEA oversees programs that deal with

A

illicit and prescribed Scheduled drugs (schedules 1-5)
Drug eradication
Drug education
assist state and local agencies, civic groups, school systems and officials to combat drug abuse
Help secure borders against drug trafficking

42
Q

Schedule I drugs

A

substances have no currently accepted medical use in US, lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision, high potential for abuse
Heroin, LSD, marijuana

43
Q

Schedule II and IIN substances

A 
Have high potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
Oxycodone
Percocet
Hydrocodone, morphine, opium
Hydromorphone
methadone
meperidine
44
Q

Hydrocodone schedule

A

Schedule II

45
Q

Schedule III or IIIN substances

A

Have a potential for abuse less than schedules I or II and abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence
Narcotics with not more than 90 mg of codeine
Tylenol with codeine
buprenorphine

46
Q

Schedule IV substances

A 
Have low potential for abuse relative to III
Tramadol
Alprazolam
carisoprodol,
clonazepam
47
Q

Schedule V

A

Substances have low potential for abuse relative to IV, and consists primarily of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics
Cough medicines are an example

48
Q

Tramadol is what schedule

Hydrocodone is what schedule

A

IV

II

49
Q

DOPL

A

Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing

works with Utah Controlled Substance Database (UCSD)

50
Q

DOPL keeps track of what data

A

dispensing of schedule II-V drugs by retail, outpatient hospital pharmacies, and institutes

51
Q

Purpose of DOPL

A

to identify over-utilization, misuse and over prescribing of controlled substances thoughout the state

52
Q

How DOPL works

A

Outpatient pharmacies report dispensing of scheduled drugs within 7 days and the data are posted within 24 hours after receipt

53
Q

Who are not required to report to UCSD (utah controlled substance database)

A

Prescriptions at federal facilities (VA, military)
Out of state pharmacies
Pharmacies servicing in-patient populations (hospitals)

Disease and Ther. Final (7 decks)

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