Other Flashcards by Bella Gal

For how long shall be valid a veterinary prescription for antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products from the date of its issue, according to the new EU regulation on veterinary medicines?

5 Days

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How did change the veterinary antimicrobial consumption during the last 5 years in the EU?

Decreased

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Systemic treatment is needed in this case of otitis?

Suppurative otitis externa

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Which of the following bacteria can cause polyserositis of swine?

Streptococcus suis

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Which parameter is pharmacokinetic?

Cmax

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Zinc sulphate can be used topically to treat…?

Interdigital dermatitis

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‘Single shot’ antibiotics can be used against…?

BRDC

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True or False:
It is inevitable to remember the pharmacodynamic properties of certain antimicrobials to be able to reduce the spreading of resistance. Based on this knowledge macrolide antibiotics are advised to use in high dosages for short period of time.

False

FQs and AGs are

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True or False:

As of February 2022, the prophylactic used of antimicrobials will be limited to the individual treatment of animals.

False

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True or False:

The most common form of antibiotics used by veterinarians is a solution and premix

True

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True or False:

The spread of antimicrobial resistance can be slowed down?

True

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True or False:

From 2022, when antibiotics are added to feed, the duration of prophylactic treatment must not exceed two weeks.

False

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True or False:
The PK/PD analysis is (AUC/MIC model) helps estimate the degree of spreading antimicrobial resistance. The higher the ratio the higher the chance is for selection of mutant bacteria resistant to the given antimicrobial agent.

False

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True or False:
It is proven, that animal products can transfer antimicrobial resistance to people, the most important and versatile vector of it is the E. coli.

E. coli

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True or False:
In case of time dependent bactericidal antibiotics their maximum concentration should be at least six times higher in the treated compartment than the MIC volume of the given antibiotic agent for the given infectious bacterium isolate.

False

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True or False:
Multiple causes can be present in the background of BRDC, while the treatment of which the bacterial resistance is rare. Most of the empirically suitable antibiotics can treat the disease in case of P. Multocida, M. Haemolytica and M. Bovis infectious background as well.

False

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True or False:
The treatment of calf E. Coli diarrhoea depends on the severity of the animal, in case of lack of systemic symptoms the usage of antibiotic agents is not advised, fluid and electrolyte therapy is recommended.

True

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True or False:
For the treatment of Escherichia coli diarrhoea in weaned piglets, enrofloxacin is the best choice, taking into account pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, antibiotic susceptibility and public health considerations.

False

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True or False:
In case of furunculosis, usually 3 weeks of systemic antibacterial treatment needed, because gram-negative rods are frequent in this disease

False

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What is the recommended treatment duration in feline rhinotracheitis?

7-10 days acute, 4-6 weeks chronic

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An in vivo test method for determining resistance to anthelmintics

Faecal egg count reduction test

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True or False:

Usually there’s a background disease behind pyoderma, which is most commonly allergy or parasitic infection

True

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True or False:

BRDC is caused by fastidious organism and it’s resistance is low

True

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Which anti liver fluke agent is characteristic to be active against young flukes under 6 weeks of age?

Closantel

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True or False: | Tris-EDTA is a recommended agent in otitis externa, because it has good antibiofilm effect?

True

True or False: It is enough to treat superficial pyoderma only topically, because bacteria are only present on the skin’s surface in this case

False

True or False: Poultry feed cannot contain narazin if the animals are treated with tiamulin, because the CYP inhibitory activity of narazin can lead to severe toxic interaction

True

Resistance rates are the worse in this species

Swine

True or False: | Usually systemic treatment is not needed in case of intertrigo

True

True or False: | Consumption of fluoroquinolones should be decreased in veterinary practice

True

What is general indication (in case of antibiotics)?

The indication says that the product is indicated against bacteria that are sensitive to that antibiotic

Which antiparasitic became inactive because of the change of Skdr gene in voltage gated sodium ion channel?

Cypermethrin

This method is NOT applied to prevent the development of resistance against antiparasitic

Dilution

It causes delayed repolarization of Na+ ion channels in parasites

Flumethrin

This antiparasitic agent is an antagonist of GABA mediated Cl- ion channels

Afoxolaner

Which antiparasitic became inactive because of the change of RDI gene in GABA(A)?

Dieldrin

Which agent is most effective in shampoos for cellulitis?

Benzoyl Peroxide

``` Which pathogens can be involved in CIRDC? A) Bordetella bronchiseptica B) Parainfluenza virus C) Both of them D) None of them ```

C) Both of them

How should antibiotics be administered in case of pneumonia in dogs?

IV injection

``` In poultry, staphylococcus aureus can cause A) Arthritis B) Dermatitis C) Both of them D) None of them ```

C) Both of them

Which pathogen can cause polyserositis of swine?

Streptococcus suis

In poultry, staphylococcus aureus can cause?

Septicaemia

True or False: In interdigital dermatitis, topical antibiotic therapy is enough, while interdigital phlegmon required systemic antibiotic therapy

True

Fowl cholera causes high mortality in which species?

Duck

In poultry, Escherichia coli can cause?

CRD

In poultry, Escherichia coli can cause?

Granulomatosis

``` In poultry, Escherichia coli can cause: A) Pericarditis B) Salpingitis C) Both of them D) None of them ```

C) Both of them

How should time dependent bactericidal antibiotics be given?

At least 3-5 days, in the recommended dose (which reach higher concentration in the animals than the MIC value of the pathogen)

Is it allowed to use veterinary antibiotics for the purpose of preventing infectious diseases according to the law in force?

It is allowed

How can we prevent antibiotic resistance?

Perform a PK/PD analysis

How would you define the MIC?

The lowest concentration of the antibiotic, where bacteria can't grow

Is it legal to give an antibiotic authorized for dogs to cats?

Yes it is, if no authorized product is available and it is not contradicted by the SPC of that product

``` Which susceptibility testing method can be used for PK/PD analysis: A) Disc diffusion B) Microdilution C) Both of them D) None of them ```

C) Both of them

What is metaphylaxis?

The administration of a medicinal product to a group of animals after a diagnosis of clinical disease in part of the group has been established

Which pathogen is the most frequent in pharyngitis in companion animals?

Strepto in dogs, Pasteurella in cats

True or False? Narrow spectrum penicillin’s are usually sufficient for the treatment of acute bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis, but in many cases (e.g. acute, mild, only viruses are present) they don’t need to be treated with antibiotics at all

True

In which respiratory infection is it necessary to use AB?

Canine distemper

Does present law allow mixing antibiotics into the feed of animals?

Yes

True or False: Streptococci and Pasteurella spp frequently cause the following infections in companion animals: Bronchitis and pneumonia in dogs, Rhinitis and sinusitis in dogs and Pharyngitis and tonsillitis in dogs

True

Are you allowed to use veterinary antibiotics off-label?

Yes

How can we prevent antibiotic resistance?

Must know pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents Use antibiotics for prevention and not for treatment Perform antibiotic susceptibility tests regularly

True or False: | “Single shot” antibiotics can be used against both GI and Respiratory infections?

True

True or False: Rhinitis is more frequently causes by viruses than bacteria, so in many cases antibiotic treatment is not necessary

True

Which drug can be used topically to treat canine pyoderma?

Silver sulfadiazine

Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to macrocyclic lactones

Increased transport

The target receptor of Amitraz

Octopamine receptor

Most typical mechanism of action of real resistance to Fipronil

Ligand-mediated chloride ion channel intracellular domain alteration

Which drugs can be cross-resistant?

Dieldrin and Fipronil

Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to Organophosphates?

Increased activity of esterase enzymes

Mechanism of resistance to.... Is ligand-mediated chloride ion channel intracellular domain alteration

Isooxazolines

Most typical mechanism of action of real resistance to Benzimidazoles

Beta-tubulin binding site change

Mechanism of resistance is to.... is changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Imidazothiazoles

Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to pyrethroids

Increased efflux

List the AMEG A Antibiotics

Avoid - only Smalls, NEVER FPA Vancomycin Amikacin Rifampicin

List the AMEG B Antibiotics

Restrict - CIA highest priority, farm animals Fluoroquinolones 3rd and 4th Generation Cephalosporins Colistin

List the AMEG C Antibiotics

``` Caution 1st and 2nd Generation Cephalosporins AmoxiClav Aminoglycosides Florfenicol Macrolides Lincosamides Pleuromutilins ```

List the AMEG D Antibiotics

``` Prudence - preferred in vet med Amoxicillin Penicillins Tetracyclines PotSA ```

There is a UTI infection in a GSD. From the urine sample E. Coli could be cultured, which has 32 𝞵g/ml MIC value to amoxicillin. Regarding the table, the substance will be effective during the treatment.

True

There is a UTI infection in a shih-tzu dog. From the urine sample MRSA could be cultured, which has 64 𝞵g/ml MIC value to amikacin. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will NOT be effective during the treatment.

True

There is a UTI infection in a 10 year old Persian cat. From the urine sample E. Coli could be cultured, which has 4 𝞵g/ml MIC value to cefovecin. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will be effective during the treatment.

False

There is a UTI infection in a 4 year old pug. From the urine sample Enterococcus faecalis could be cultured, which has 8 𝞵g/ml MIC value to doxycycline. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will NOT be effective during the treatment

False

Septic mastitis treatment in companion animals?

AmoxiClav + Enrofloxacin IV

Non-septic mastitis treatment in companion animals?

Gram +: Clindamycin, Macrolides | Gram -: FQ

Companion animal ACUTE pharyngitis/tonsillitis treatment?

Narrow spectrum penicillins

Companion animal CHRONIC pharyngitis/tonsillitis treatment?

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin

First choice in companion animal rhinitis/sinusitis?

Doxycycline

First choice in feline rhinotracheitis?

Doxycycline

First choice in feline rhinotracheitis caused by Pasteurella?

AmoxiClav

Treatment of life-threatening bronchitis/pneumonia in dogs and cats?

AmoxiClav IV Cefuroxime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone IV + Enrofloxacin/Marbofloxacin IV OR Gentamicin/Tobramycin/Amikacin

Treatment of non life-threatening bronchitis/pneumonia in dogs and cats?

Tetracyclines, Macrolides (rehydrate patient), PotSA

First choice in Kennel cough?

Doxycycline

Aspiration pneumonia (ARDS) treatment in dogs/cats?

Broad spectrum Beta-lactam + Enrofloxacin + Metronidazole

Glucocorticoids are contraindicated in which 2 companion animal diseases?

Kennel cough and Aspiration Pneumonia

Treatment of pyothorax in companion animals?

Broad spectrum Beta-lactam + FQ + Metronidazole IV then PO, for 3-6 weeks