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Microbiology > Other Bacteria - Mycology > Flashcards

Other Bacteria - Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Associated with buttery colonies with musty odor due to indole production

A

Pasteurella multicoda

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2
Q

Bacteria that comprises the Zoonoses

A

Brucella abortus - cows
Francisella tularensis - rabbits
Yersinia pestis - rodents
Pasteurella multocida - cats and dogs

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3
Q

Medium for growing M.tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Luciferase assay for drug resistance

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4
Q

Most important virulence factor of M.tuberculosis since it prevents leukocyte migration

A

Cord factor

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5
Q

Known to be most virulent bacteria

A

Yersenia pestis - transmitted through flea bite, rod with safety-pin appearance. Reservior wild rodents

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6
Q

Staining for M.tuberculosis

A

Acid-fast stain
Ziehl-Neelsen (heat)
Kinyoun (cold)

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7
Q

Predilection of primary complex

A

Usually in middle or lower lobes

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8
Q

Refers to radiologically detectable calcification in tuberculosis

A

Ranke’s complex

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9
Q

Virulence factor of M.tuberculosis that prevents phagosome lysosomal fusion

A

Sulfatides

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10
Q

Also known as subpleural granuloma

A

Ghons focus

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11
Q

Predilection of reactivated Tuberculosis

A

Usually in apices - Simon’s focus

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12
Q

Where can we culture M.leprae

A

Mouse footpad or armadillo

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13
Q

Refers to Ghon’s focus + lymph node

A

Ghon’s complex

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14
Q

Treatment for WHO category I TB patients

A

2HRZE initiation

4HR continuation

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16
Q

Leprosy: associated with marked tissue destruction

A

Lepromatous leprosy

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17
Q

Most common extrapulmonary TB presentation

A

Scrofula

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18
Q

Leprosy: associated with many lesions

A

Lepromatous leprosy

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19
Q

When to consider PTB suspect?

A

Cough equal or greater than two weeks, WITH or WITHOUT local and constitutional symptoms.

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20
Q

Leprosy: associated with many acid-fast bacilli

A

Lepromatous leprosy

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21
Q

Smallest free living microorganism

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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22
Q

Transmission of M.leprae

A

Prolonged exposure to nasal secretions of patients with the lepromatous form

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23
Q

Leprosy: associated with leone facies and erythema nodusom leprosum

A

Lepromatous leprosy

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24
Q

Associated with walking pneumonia. And the most common type of atypical pneumonia

A

M.pneumoniae

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25
Q

Weakly acid fast stain used for Nocardia asteroides

A

Fite-Faraco stain

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26
Q

Most common bacterial cause of Steven Johnson syndrome

A

M.pneumoniae

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27
Q

Causes CHANCROID

A

H.ducreyi - and it is painful

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28
Q

Leprosy: positive for Lepromin Skin test

A

Tuberculoid leprosy

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29
Q

Infection that may manifest as mycetomas and lung and brain abscesses (orange colonies)

A

Nocardia asteriodes

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30
Q

Type of syphilis that usually occurs 1-3months after. Manifest as condylomata lata, maculopapular rash fever or headache

A

Secondary Syphilis

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31
Q

Drug of choice for M.pneumoniae

A

Erythromycin or Azithromycin (macrolide)

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33
Q

Type of syphilis that usually occurs many years after inoculation. Associated with gummas, neurosyphilis and aortitis

A

Tertiary Syphilis

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34
Q

Congenital condition that presents with snuffles, mulberry molars, hutchinson triad, saber shins, rhagades, Clutton’s joint, pulmonary hemorrhages and Higoumenakis sign

A

Congenital Syphilis - Higoumenakis sign is a unilateral enlargement of the sternoclavicular portion of the clavicle

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35
Q

Flu like Reaction after fee hours of receiving Penicillin due to lysis of Trepanemes

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

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36
Q

Largest medically important bacteria

A

Borrelia burgdoferi

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37
Q

Transmission of B.burgdorferi

A

Deer ticks bite - Ixodes scapularis

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38
Q

Bacteria that are associated with Ixodes scapularis

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

Babesia microti

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39
Q

Causative agent of syphillis

A

Treponema pallidum

40
Q

Stage of Lyme disease that presents with erythema chronicum migrans

A

Stage I

41
Q

Syphilis that manifest as local, nontender CHANCRE

A

Primary Syphilis

42
Q

Conditions that causes acrodermatitis?

A

Lyme disease - acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans

Zinc deficiency - acrodermatitis enterohepatica

43
Q

Treatment of choice for Relapsing fever

A

Due to Borrelia recurrentis due to programmed rearrangements

TX is Tetracycline or Erythromycin -

44
Q

Disease caused by B.burgdoferi

A

Lyme disease

45
Q

Growth media for L.interrogans

A

Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium or Fletcher’s medium

46
Q

Culture medium for B.burgdorferi

A

BSK medium

47
Q

Most severe form of Leptospirosis

A

Weil disease - triad of jaundice, bleeding and uremia. Orange cost skin

48
Q

Obligate aerobe that has the appearance of Shepherd’s Crook

A

Leptospira interrogans

49
Q

Leptospirosis phase that may presents with glomerulonephritis, aseptic meningitis and hepatic necrosis

A

Immune Leptospiruric phase

50
Q

May present with Bells palsy, arthritis, cardiac block and erythema chronicum migrans

A

Lyme disease

51
Q

Most important symptom of patients with Leptospirosis

A

Calf tenderness

52
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis is grown using what medium

A

Cycloheximide culture

53
Q

Infectious for. If Chlamydia

A

Elementary body

54
Q

Reproductive active form of Chlamydia

A

Reticulate body

55
Q

Most common STD overall

A

Chlamydia

56
Q

Refers to round to oval cytoplasmic inclusion bodies near the nuclei of conjunctival epithelial cells in trachoma

A

Halberstadter-Prowazek inclusions

57
Q

Type of Chlamydia associated with genital tract infections

A

Types D-K, while Types A-C are associated with Trachoma

58
Q

Birth complications of Chlamydia

A

Neonatal conjunctivitis

Neonatal pneumonia - staccato cough

59
Q

Caused by C.trachomatis types L1-L3, presenting with papule or vesicular which ulcerates and leads to suppurative inguinal lymphadenitis (buboes)

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum

60
Q

Test for Lymphogranuloma venereum

A

Frei test

61
Q

Causes atypical pneumonia and associated with atherosclerosis

A

Chlamydia pneumoniae

62
Q

Disease cause by C.psittaci due to bird exposure

A

Bird Fancier’s disease

63
Q

Test to detect antirickettsial antibodies in patients serum by agglutination of the Proteus organism

A

Weil-Felix test

64
Q

Drug of choice for rickettsial infection

A

Doxycycline

65
Q

Causes cat-scratch disease

A

Bartonella henselae

66
Q

Facultative gram-variable rod, causes bacterial vaginosis, presents with clue cells and positive for Whiff test

A

Gardnerella vaginalis - malodorous vaginal discharge

67
Q

Causes painful genital ulcer

A

Haemophilus ducreyi - causes chancroid

68
Q

Gram negative rod that causes mesenteric adenitis (pseudoappendicitis)

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

69
Q

Causes granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis)

A

Klebsiella granulomatosis

70
Q

Major membrane sterol of fungi

A

Ergosterol

71
Q

Two basic forms of fungi

A

Yeast and mold

72
Q

Toxin of Aspergillus flavus that causes liver cancer after ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grains

A

Aflatoxin

73
Q

Growth agar for fungi

A

Sabouraud’s agar

74
Q

Three important dermatophytes - infect only superficial keratinized structures

A

Microsporum canis
Trichophyton tonsurans
Epidermophyton floccosum

75
Q

Diagnosis of Dermatophytoses could be done using?

A

10% KOH - septate hyphae
Sabourauds agar - hyphae and conidia
Green fluorescence on Wood lamp

76
Q

Fungi that causes tinea vesicolor or an-an

A

Malassezia furfur - treatment with miconazole

77
Q

Appearance of M.furfur in 10%KOH

A

Spaghetti and meatballs appearance

78
Q

Causes Sporotrichosis or Gardeners disease

A

Sporothrix schenckii - treatment: Itraconazole or potassium iodide

79
Q

Causes Valley fever - an influenza like illness with arthralgia, erythema nodusom and may have meningitis due to inhalation of arthrospores. Very common among Filipinos living in Latin America

A

Coccidioides immitis - systemic mycoses, treated with Amphotericin B or Itraconazole

80
Q

Causes Histoplasmosis, associated with bird droppings (starlings) or bat guano. Closely mimic tuberculosis. And may cause tongue ulceration in AIDS patient

A

Histoplasma capsulatum - treated with Amphotericin B or Itraconazole

81
Q

Two great mimickers of PTB

A

Histoplasmosis

Paragonimos

82
Q

Most common cause of fungal pneumonia. Endemic to eastern North America

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis - treated with Itraconazole and Amphotericin B in severe infection

83
Q

Causes pneumonia and painful ulcers on mouth and nose. Restricted to Central and South America. A dimophic fungus in wheel configuration (marine’s wheel)

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis - treated with Itraconazole

84
Q

Causes pseudomembranous esophagitis

A

Candida albicans

85
Q

Causes oral thrush and vulvovaginitis (curd-like discharged) in immunocompetent individuals

A

Candida albicans

86
Q

Treatment for disseminated Candidiasis

A

Amphotericin B
Clotrimazole - for skin infection
Nystatin - oropharyngeal and esophageal

87
Q

Species of Paracoccidioides that is more common in males due to protective property estrogen in females

A

P.lutzii

88
Q

Causes asymptomatic lung infection but meningoencephalitis in HIv patients. Associated with birds especially pigeon droppings

A

Cyrotococcus neoformans - DOC: amphotericin B and Flucytosine

89
Q

Septate hyphae that forms V-shaped. Associated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Fungus ball (aspergilloma) in lung cavities

A

Aspergillus fumigatus - treatment Amphotericin B

90
Q

Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jeroveci can be made using?

A

BAL washing : toluidine blue, methenamine silver stain

91
Q

Mist common AIDs defining illness

A

P.jeroveci at CD4<200 treated with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

92
Q

Culture medium for M.pneumoniae

A

Eaton medium

93
Q

Leptospirosis has a ____ lesion in CXR

A

Snow-flake lesion

94
Q

Gold standard for detection of Leptospira

A

Leptospire microscopic agglutination test (lepto MAT)

Microbiology (8 decks)

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