Virulogy Flashcards
(130 cards)
0
Q
Infectious particles composed entirely of protein which cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
A
Prions
1
Q
Group of Naked viruses
A
Calicivirus, Picornavirus, Reovirus, Parvovirus, Adenovirus, Papillomavirus, Polyomavirus
2
Q
All viruses are haploid except?
A
Retrovirus - has two copies
3
Q
Viruses with segmented genome are prone to recombination
A
BOAR
Bunyavirus, Orthomyxoviruses, Arenaviruses, Reovirus
4
Q
Negative - strand RNA viruses
A
APROBF
Arenavirus, Paramyxovirus, Rhabdovirus, Orthomyxovirus, Bunyavirus, Filovirus
5
Q
Viral growth phase: single virus particle infects a cell
A
Phase 0 - Entry
6
Q
Viral growth phase: marked derangement of cell function leading to lysis and cell death. Remarkable amplification in number of viral particles
A
Phase 5 - Cytopathic effect
7
Q
Viral growth phase: amount of detectable viruses reaches a plateau
A
Phase 4 - Latent Period
8
Q
Viral growth phase: virus decreases in number but continues to function
A
Phase 1 - Decline
9
Q
Viral growth phase: no virus is detectable inside the cell
A
Phase 2 - Eclipse period
10
Q
Viral growth phase: dramatic increase in amount of detectable viruses
A
Phase 3 - Rise period
11
Q
The only live-attenuated vaccine that maybe given to HIV positivie patients
A
MMR
12
Q
Live-attenuated Vaccines
A
MMR. SABIN’s YELLOW CHICKEN
MMR, Sabin’s polio, yellow fever, chicken pox
13
Q
Killed Vaccines
A
RISH
Rabies, Influenza, Salk’s Polio, HAV
14
Q
Strains included in HPV vaccine?
A
Types 6, 11, 16 and 18
15
Q
DNA viruses
A
HHAPPPPy
Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Polyoma, Papilloma
16
Q
All DNA viruses have double-stranded DNA except
A
Parvovirus
17
Q
All DNA viruses have linear DNA except
A
Papilloma, Polyoma and Hepadna
18
Q
All DNA viruses are icosahedral except?
A
Poxvirus
19
Q
All DNA viruses replicated in the nucleus except?
A
Poxvirus
20
Q
Single stranded DNA virus that causes the Fifth Disease
A
Parvovirus B19 causes Erythema infectiosum: slapped cheeks
21
Q
Condition with transient but severe aplastic anemia in children with sickle cell anemia, thalassemia or spherocytosis due to Parvovirus
A
Aplastic crisis
22
Q
Parvovirus infection in 2nd trimester results to?
A
Hydrops fetalis
1st tri : fetal death
23
Q
Only virus with fiber
A
Adenovirus - Penton fiber
24
Histopathologic findings in adenovirus
Cowdry body type B intranuclear inclusions
25
Genes in HPV that encode for proteins that inactivate tumor suppressor genes
Genes E6 and E7
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Formation of cytoplasmic vacoule in an infected squamous cells by HPV
Koilocytes
27
Type of HPV that causes skin and plantar warts - Verruca vulgaris
HPV 1 to 4
28
HPV type that causes genital warts (condylomata acuminata) and respiratory tract papilloma. Most common viral STD
HPV 6 to 11
29
HPV type that causes carcinoma of cervix, penis and anus
HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33
30
Treatment for genital warts
Podophyllin
31
Causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in patients with AIDS. Only causes disease in immunocompromised patients.
JC Polyoma Virus
32
Herperviruses
CHEVrolet
| CMV, HSV, EMV, VZV
33
Site of latency for HSV-1
Trigeminal ganglia
34
Site of latency for HSV -2
Lumbosacral ganglia
35
Virus that causes herpes labialis, herpetic whitlow and herpes gladiaturom
HSV - 1
36
Causes genital herpes, neonatal herpes and aseptic meningitis
HSV - 2
37
Treatment for HSV
Acyclovir - shortens the duration, reduces extent of shedding but no effect on latent state
38
Most common cause of congenital abnormalities. Most common when mother infected in 1st trimester
Congenital CMV infection
39
Treatment for CMV
Ganciclovir
40
Histopathologic findings in CMV
Giant cells with Owl's eye nuclear inclusion
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Reactivation of Varicella
Zoster - in dorsal root ganglia
42
Associated with a vesicular centrifugal rash "dewdrop on a rose petal" appearance
Varicella - that may cause Reye syndrome as complication
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HIstopathologic findings for VZV
Multinucleated giant cells with intranuclear inclusions
44
Involvement of geniculate ganglion causes facial nerve paralysis due to VZV
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
45
Causes Kissing Disease: fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.
EBV - causes Infectious Mononucleosis, splenic rupture is a rare complication
46
Lymphoma associated with EBV
Burkitt's lymphoma in African people
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese people
47
AIDS defining illness caused by Human Herpesvirus-8; a malignancy of vascular endothelial cells
Kaposi's Sarcoma
48
Largest viruses, only disease that has been eradicated from the face of the Earth.
Smallpox caused by Variola virus
49
Histopathologic findings: Variola virus - Smallpox
Guarnieri bodies - intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions
50
Treatment for Molluscum contagiosum, a pinkish papular skin lesions with an umbilicated center caused by M.contagiosum virus
Cifodivir
51
Histopathologic finding: Molluscum contagiosum
Henderson-Peterson bodies : intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions
52
Surface antigen of HBV used as marker for infection
HBsAg
53
Antigen of HBV used as marker for viral replication
HBcAg - core antigen
54
Antigen of HBV secreted in the blood and detectable as compared to HBcAg
HBeAg - e antigen
55
Only DNA virus that produces DNA by reverse transcription with mRNA as the template
Hepatitis B virus
56
Serologic marker of HBV that are positive during incubation period
HBsAg and HBeAg
57
Positive serologic marker of HBV during acute infection
HBsAg, HBeAg and IgM Anti-HBc
58
HBV serologic marker positive during window period
IgM Anti-HBc
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HBV serologic marker positive during complete recovery
Anti-HBs and IgG Anti-HBc
60
HBV serologic marker positive for chronic carriers
HBsAg and IgG Anti-HBc
61
HBV serologic marker positive on vaccinated individual
Anti-HBs
62
HBV infection is associated with what type of autoimmune vasculitides
Polyarteritis nodosa
63
Treatment for HBV infection
Interferon-a and Lamivudin
64
All RNA viruses have single-stranded DNA except
Reovirus and Rotavirus
65
All DNA viruses replicated in the cytoplasm except
Influenza and Retrovirus
66
Poliomyelitis - caused by Poliovirus
Naked, single-stranded RNA virus that replicates in motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord, causing paralysis
67
Histopathologic finding: of Polio virus
Cowdry type B - intranuclear inclusions
68
Causes herpangina: fever, sore throat and tender vesicles in oropharynx
Coxsackie virus - naked, ssRNA
69
Caused by Coxsackie virus that presents with vesicular rash on hands and feet and ulcerations in the mouth
Hand-Foot and Mouth disease
70
Most common cause of aseptic meningitis
Coxsackie, Poliovirus and Echovirus
71
Called Orphans because they were not initially associated with any disease. But now it is associated with aseptic meningitis
Echovirus
72
Causes common colds with more than 100 serotypes. It is acid-labile. And host range is limited only to humans and chimpanzees
Rhinovirus
73
Hepatitis A is also know as?
Enterovirus 72
74
It is a self limited hepatitis transmitted via fecal-oral route, most frequently infected were children
Hepatitis A virus - anti-HAV IgM is the most important test
75
Hepatitis E virus belongs to what Family of RNA viruses
Caliciviridae
76
Most common cause of nonbacterial diarrhea in adults
Norwalk virus (Norovirus) - oral-fecal transmission
77
Causes viral gastroenteritis, most common cause of childhood diarrhea
Rotavirus
78
Major antigens of Influenza virus
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
79
Strain of Influenza virus that causes worldwide epidemics, pandemics. Each year, influenza is the most common cause of respiratory tract infections
Influenza A - has 16 antigenically distinct types of hemaglutinin and 9 sntigenetically distinct types of neuroaminidase
80
Human strains of Influenza virus
H1, H2, and H3, N1 and N2
81
Antigenic shifts is also known as____. Major changes based on the reassortment of segments of the genome RNA.
Pandemics
82
Antigenic drift is also known as ___. Minor changes based on mutations in the genome RNA
Epidemics
83
Drug of choice for Influenza virus
Oseltamivir or Zanamivir
84
Family of Viruses known to cause a wide range of pediatric diseases
Paramyxoviridae
| Parainfluenza virus, RSV, Mumps virus and Measles virus
85
Paramyxovirus positive for both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase envelope spikes?
Parainfluenza and Mumps viruses while RSV is both negative for envelope spikes
86
Histopathologic finding: in Measles
Multinucleated giant cells (Warthin-Finkeldey bodies)
87
Pathognomonic sign of Measles
Koplik's spot
88
Spots found in Roseola?
Nagayama spots
89
Spots in Rubella?
Forch-Heimer spots
90
Enveloped virus, ssRNA, transmitted via respiratory droplet causing parotitis and may complicate into orchitis or even meningitis
Mumps virus
91
Causes viral pneumonia. Most important cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants. Treated with Ribavirin
Respiratory Syncitial Virus (RSV)
92
Causes Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Psrainfluenza virus 1 and 2
93
Croup appearance on x-ray
Steeple sign
94
Treatment for Croup
Epinephrine
95
Histopathologic finding: Rabies virus
Negri bodies
96
Reservoir of Coronavirus
Horseshoe bat
97
Intermediate host for Coronavirus
Civet cat
98
Causes common colds and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - rapidly progressing to ARDS. Virus binds to ACE-2 receptor
Coronavirus
99
Dengue virus belong to what family?
Flaviviridae
100
Causes transmission of Dengue virus to human
Aedes aegypti mosquito
101
Lab picture of patient with Dengue
Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and hemoconcentration
102
Diagnosis of Hepatitis C can be made using?
Anti-HCV and HCV RNA
103
Most prevalent blood-borne pathogen among Hepatitis viruses
Hepatitis C virus
104
Treatment for acute hepatitis C infection
Interferon
| For chronic hepatitis: Peginterferon and Ribavirin
105
Also known as Three-day measles
German Measles
106
Congenital problem at 1st trimester associated with PDA, congenital cataracts, sensorineural deafness and mental retardation
Congenital Rubella Syndrome
107
Rubella virus belong to what family?
Togaviridae
108
Family of virus distinguished from other RNA viruses due to the presence of Reverse Transcriptase
Retroviridae - reverse transcriptase converts ssRNA viral genome to dsDNA
109
Most complex of the known retroviruses
HIV - many serotypes, positive polarity genome
110
Protein of HIV that interacts with the CD4 receptorq
gp120
111
The most immunogenic region of gp120
V3 loop
112
It is the group - specific antigen of HIV
p24 - located in the core
113
Important HIV serologic markers of infection
p24
114
Regulatory gene of HIV that decreases CD4 and class I MCH proteins
nef
115
HIV gene for activation of transcription of viral genes
tat
116
HIV phase: HIV acquired through sexual intecourse, blood or perinatally
Phase 0 : Infection
117
Phase of HIV were rapid viral replication occurs but HIV test is negative
Phase 1 : Window Period
118
HIV phase were CD4 drops to 500 - 200, lasts 5 years. Presents with mild mucocutaneous dermatologic and hematologic illnesses
Phase 4 : Early Symptomatic
119
Presumptive diagnosis for HIV
ELISA
120
Definitive diagnosis of HIV
Western Blot analysis
121
Test very specific and sensitive to HIV
PCR
122
Test for immune status of HIV patients
CD4
123
Test for HIV prognostication
PCR
124
Treatment option for HIV
HAART - highly active antiretroviral therap; Zidovudine and Lamivudine and Indinavir
125
Thread-like virus with 100% mortality rate. Causes outbreak of hemorrhagic fever in Zaire (1976)
Ebola virus - causes Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
126
Most common cause of epidemic encephalitis. Most prevalent in SEA. Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes
Japanese B virus -causes Japanese B Encephalitis
127
Ct-scan result of patients infected with Japanese B virus
Thalamic infarcts
128
What causes blindness in patients with HIV
CMV retinitis at <50 CD4
129
Causes pneumonia in HIV patients
P.jiroveci /P.carinii at <200CD4 count
