Other Infections Flashcards
(13 cards)
What causes bacterial vaginosis and what’s the key pathogenic mechanism?
Polymicrobial overgrowth (Gardnerella, anaerobes)
Loss of protective Lactobacilli → pH ↑ → flora imbalance
What are the two key microscopic findings in bacterial vaginosis?
Clue cells (epithelial cells studded with bacteria)
Shift from long bacilli (Lactobacilli) to gram-variable coccobacilli
What are the 4 Amsel criteria (need ≥3)?
Thin white/yellow discharge
Clue cells on wet mount
Vaginal pH >4.5
Positive whiff test (fishy odor with KOH)
What causes a painful genital ulcer with buboes?
Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Key feature: Tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
What causes:
Painless ulcer + rubbery buboes
Painless ulcer without prominent nodes
LGV (Chlamydia L1-L3)
Granuloma inguinale (Klebsiella granulomatis)
How to distinguish:
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia on Gram stain?
Gram(-) intracellular diplococci (N. gonorrhoeae)
No organisms seen (C. trachomatis)
What causes:
* Greenish discharge
* Strawberry cervix
* Motile organisms on wet mount
Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis)
Which STIs cause strictures?
LGV (rectal/urethral)
Granuloma inguinale
What are the 3 most dangerous bacterial Category A bioterror agents?
Bacillus anthracis (Anthrax)
Yersinia pestis (Plague)
Francisella tularensis (Tularemia)
What are the non-bacterial Category A agents?
Smallpox virus
Botulinum toxin
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Marburg, etc.)
Match these Category B agents to their threat type:
Brucella
Ricin toxin
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Zoonotic (Brucellosis)
Plant toxin (Castor beans)
Soil organism (Melioidosis)
What are 3 Category B food/water safety threats?
Salmonella
E. coli O157:H7
Vibrio cholerae
(Bonus: Cryptosporidium)
What are 2 emerging Category C agents?
Nipah virus
Hantavirus
Key feature: Potential for mass casualties
