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CC2 lecture > Other Toxic Substances > Flashcards

Other Toxic Substances Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Edible form of alcohol

A

Ethanol

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2
Q

Organ that detoxifies alcohol

A

Liver

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3
Q

Ethanol is converted to -___________ by ADH -> ALDH -> acetic acid

A

acetone

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4
Q

Chronic consumption of ethanol progresses to:

A

Hepatic fibrosis and hepatic cirrhosis

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5
Q

causes severe acidosis

A

Ethanol

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6
Q

alcohol that is converted to formaldehhyde -> ALDH -> Formic Acid

A

Methanol

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7
Q

Causes blindness and death

A

Methanol

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8
Q

Ethylene glycol is converted to

A

Oxalic and glycolic acid

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9
Q

Having sweet odor and taste
Often used as an anti-freeze agent

A

Ethylene glycol

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10
Q

Signs of poisoning in methanol:

A

Increased amounts of calcium oxalates monohydrate crystals
Metabolic acidosis

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11
Q

Products are: acetone and acetic acid

A

Isopropyl alcohol

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12
Q

alcohol that has longer metabolism than ethanol

A

Isopropyl alcohol

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13
Q

Reference method for Alcohol

A

Gas liquid chromatography

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14
Q

General formula of alcohol conversion:

A

Alcohol — ADH —> Aldehyde –ALDH–> Acid

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15
Q

Common indicator of ethanol abuse

A

GGT
AST
AST/ALT
HDL
MCV

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16
Q

Increases can be seen before onset of pathologic consequence

Increases in serum activity; can occur in many non-ethanol conditions

A

GGT

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17
Q

Increases in serum activity; can occur in many non-ethanol conditions

A

AST

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18
Q

Ratio greater than 2.0 is highly specific for ethanol related liver conditions

A

AST/ALT Ratio

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19
Q

High serum level is specific for ethanol consumption

A

HDL

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20
Q

High serum level is specific for ethanol consumption

A

HDL

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21
Q

Increased erythrocyte _______ is commonly seen with excessive ethanol consumption

Not related to folate or Vit B12 deficiency

A

MCV

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22
Q

Irreversible bind with RBC

A

CO carbon monoxide

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23
Q

Tissue hypoxia leads to

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

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24
Q

Screening of carbon monocide

A

Cherry red color of the blood

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25
Qualitative test for CO2: 5mL 40% NaOH + 5mL blood -> _______
pink color (20% or greater)
26
Quantitative test for CO2
Differential spectrometry, GCMS
27
Typical COHB% in non smmokers
0.5
28
Typical COHB% range of values seen in smokers
5-15
29
Typical COHB% SOB with vigorous exercise
10
30
Typical COHB% SOB moderate exercise
20
31
Typical COHB% severe headavhes, fatigue, impairment of judgement
30
32
Typical COHB% confusion, faining on exertion
40-50
33
Typical COHB% unconsciousness, respiratory failure, death with continuos exposure
60-70
34
Typical COHB% immediately fatal
80
35
Often used as rodenticide/insectide
Cyanide
36
Tissue and cellular hypoxia is caused by
Cyanide
37
Analysis of Cyanide
Ion-Selective Electrode
38
Diagnosis and Manifestations: Odor: Better almonds Altered mental status Tachypnea Cyanosis Metabolic acidosis
Cyanide
39
Insecticide/Rodenticide/Herbicide, presercative, paints, ceramimcs
Arsenic
40
Absorption of arsenic is through:
Skin, GIT, Lungs
41
True or False: Arsenic cannot cross placenta
False- can cross
42
Manifestations of arsenic:
Garlic odor of breath Metallic taste
43
Diagnostic of Arsenic is through:
Urine, Hair, and Nails
44
Method of detection for arsenic
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
45
Component of Battery
Cadmium
46
Kidney accumulation of cadmium leads to
renal dysfunction
47
vitamin D deficiency which leads to osteoporosis and osteomalacia
Itai-itai disease
48
Half life of Cadmium
10-30 years
49
Method of detection for cadmium
AAS - urine or blood
50
Binds to proteins and inhibits enzymes
Mercury
51
Effects of Mercury in intestinal absorption
bloody diarrhea due to ulceration and necrosis
52
proteinuria and loss of tubular function is caused by
mercury
53
Method of analysis for Mercury
AAS and Anodic Strippin Voltammetry
54
Forms of mercury
Metallic/Elemental Mercurous Mercuric Alkyl Mercury
55
Long term effect on CNS and GIT
Lead
56
May be ingested or inhaled
Lead
57
Common component of paint, crayons, ceramics
Lead
58
Half life of lead:
32 years
59
Inhibits heme synthesis and enzyme activity
lead
60
Method of detection: Lead
AAS and Anodic Strippin Voltammetry
61
Blood tube for Lead
tan EDTA
62
Most Effective Screening urine:
Aminolevulnic acid and protophyrins
63
Most effective screening : Caused by inability of Red cell to extrude remaining DNA ( impairment of pyrimidine nucleotidase - present in nucleated cells)
Basophilic stippling (remnants of DNA)

CC2 lecture (5 decks)

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