Outcome of First Civil War and the start of the second civil war

Question 1

Newcastle Propositions

Answer 1

July 1646
Put forward by political Presbyterians led by Holles; peace settlement and kept Charles on throne
Aims:
- Presbyterianism new official religion
- Parliament to control amy and navy for 20 years
- Royalists punished
- strict limits on Catholicism
Highly unfavourable to Charles, he delayed and dodged hoping for better terms
Extreme supporters like Henrietta urged him to accept, then renege his promise

Question 2

Scots give Charles to England

Answer 2

June 1647, placed at Holden House
Due to failure of settlement
Parliament promised £400,000
Began divide between Parliament and army
- main concern by Commons was danger posed by radicalism and strength of army
- Presbyterians in commons wanted to send part of NMA to Ireland to avenge 1641 and disband the rest
- Plan for disbandment left army feeling betrayed; they kidnap Charles

Question 3

Petition against Holles’ disbandment of NMA

Answer 3

Regiments ordered to disband June 1647
General council of Army formed to discuss NMA grievances
Cromwell planned to undermine Holles’ support and leadership
Army seizes King June 1647
Holles and allies impeached by Cromwell; he stages presbyterian mov and storms Parliament- independents flea to army
- Army marched on London, restored MPs, and exiled Holles and allies

Question 4

Heads of the Proposals

Answer 4

July 1647
Offered by NMA led by Cromwell and Ireton
Leveller influence reflected in aims
Key terms:
- religious toleration, bishops allowed but free worship granted
- Parliament to control military and foreign policy 10 years
- councillors to be appointed by Parliament for 10 years
- Pardon to King’s supporters
More favourable than Newcastle propositions
Charles stalled, secretly plotting to accept Scot Engagement
Divisions between army give him hope- corresponds with foreign kingdoms and Scotland

Question 5

Charles briefly escapes

Answer 5

November 1647
Begins feeling of distrust

Question 6

Four Bills

Answer 6

December 1647
Newcastle Propositions but slightly revised
Charles plotting on Scottish Engagement instead

Question 7

The Engagement

Answer 7

December 1647
Charles secretly negotiates with Scots while expected to consider Heads of the Proposals
Terms:
- Presbyterianism for 3 years if Scots reinstate him in power
Reaches Parliament- extreme outrage

Question 8

Vote of No Address

Answer 8

January 1648
Resulted from Charles’ secret acceptance of the Engagement December 1647
Declared no more negotiations with untrustworthy King
Restarts conflict and leads to Second Civil War

Question 9

Royalists Uprisings

Answer 9

Wales, South-East, and North; Colchester specifically
North seen as most dangerous by Cromwell

Question 10

Battle of Preston

Answer 10

August 1648
- army of 10,000 led by Hamilton (lacked solid leadership and strength)
- Defeated by Cromwell; Hamilton executed in London
- Colchester surrendered after this defeat

Question 11

Wales

Answer 11

August 1648
- easily defeated by Fairfax
- End of Second civil war