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AUDE 5410 Aud-Vestib Disorders > Outer Ear Pathology > Flashcards

Outer Ear Pathology Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

how long is the avg adult ear

A

2.5 cm (1 inch) and .7 cm (.3 in) in diameter

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2
Q

what two branches of external carotid with an extensive network of anastomoses bw the branches are

A

superficial temporal artery & postauricular artery

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3
Q

waht makes reconstruction of an auricle difficult

A

intricate & delicate topography & blood supply

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4
Q

venous drainage of pinna ends in

A

external & internal jugular veins

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5
Q

sensory innervation of auricle is supplied by

A

lesser occipital nerve (cervical spinal nerves), auriculotemporal (trigeminal nerve) , & auricular branch (vagus nerve)

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6
Q

transmission of auricular deformities

A

ad or ar

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7
Q

Some auricular deformities may be an indication of

A

middle & inner ear abnormalities

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8
Q

why is it good practice to inspect outer ear during otoscopy

A

because some auricle deformities can be an indication of middle or inner ear issues

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9
Q

Children with auricular anomalies show a slightly increased risk of concurrent

A

renal abnormalities that can require medical/surgical intervention

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10
Q

what is microtia

A

underdevelopment of outer ear
range from complete agensis (absence of pinna) to small ears with atretic canals
peanut ear

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11
Q

twice as many ____ affacted as ____ in microtia

A

males, females

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12
Q

which ear is most often involved in microtia

A

right, rarely bilateral

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13
Q

what is anastomoses

A

connections

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14
Q

what is the auricle supplied by

A

arterial, venous, & nerve supply

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15
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing of ec

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16
Q

atresia

A

no opening of the ear canal

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17
Q

where is bilateral microtia frequently seen

A

treacher collins (first arch) syndrome

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18
Q

what is constricted ear

A

encircling helix is tight

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19
Q

what does constricted ear include

A

loop & cup ear

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20
Q

an inferior bending of the superior helix

A

loop ear

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21
Q

increase in the bowl size

A

cup ear

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22
Q

do people have the same ears?

A

no, every ear is different even between family members

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23
Q

what are auricular appendages

A

often a result of accessory auricular hillocks from which the auricle develops
usualy unilateral
can be skin or skin and cartilage (skin tag)
can present with HL

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24
Q

what are auricular sinuses/pits

A

Usually harmless, pit-like depression anterior to the auricle
May be a result of failed closure of part of the first branchial groove
can get blocked with debris or become infected

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25
auricular trauma can result from
thermal injury penetrating injury blunt injury
26
why is auricle susceptibel to trauma
Because of its prominent and unprotected position the ear has no protective reflex
27
Auricular trauma often requires
antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis but may also require surgical reconstruction
28
Can occur as a result of blunt force trauma and contact sport
auricular hematoma
29
what is an auricular hematoma
Blood vessels in the perichondrium (membrane covering the cartilage of the outer ear) get separated from the underlying cartilage Because the cartilage receives oxygen and nutrients from the perichondrium, the separation can result in devitalization of the avascular cartilage and subsequent fibrosis (scarring)
30
what happens if you leave the hematoma left untreated
new and asymmetric cartilage forms from the perichondrium resulting in a distorted/thickened external ear or cauliflower ear
31
who commonly gets auricular hematomas
wrestlers, boxers, & football players
32
chondrium
cartilage
33
per
over it
34
what can occur with swelling (edema) seen in hematomas
swelling - when the ear does this it can close off the ear canal and can induce a CHL if you already have a hl now you have a mixed hl and you wont be able to wear a ha
35
how can they fix hematomas
drain it
36
what are penetrating injuries to pinna
Seen with knife wounds, human and animal bites, and motor vehicle accidents Can result in complete or partial avulsion (separation) of the auricle
37
what should you do if the ear is completely off
it should be transported in a cold, sterile container for re-attachment
38
can you reattach a pinna
Re-attachment is possible and often successful if done relatively early, preferably within five hours of the injury
39
what can thermal injuries be due to
due to temperature changes, both hot and cold frostbite burn of pinna with secondary infection
40
what is the treatment for bites (humans and animals)
prophylactic tetanus & antibiotics
41
why do dr worry the most with burn victims and keep in sterile environments are infections? why are they such a big concern?
there is not a skin barrier anymore largest barrier and very important for protection against infections
42
biggest issue to burn victims
secondary infections
43
higher % and severe the burn, the
higher the infection worry
44
what is perichondritis
inflammation of the cartilage covering the ear biggest problem is due to piercings that were not done sterily
45
what are the categories of perichondritis
infectious (suppurative perichondritis) noninfectious (relapsing perichondritis)
46
what can perichondritis be caused by
Injury, burns, insect bites, ear piercing, boils, etc.
47
what is perichondritis insidious onset
Initially presenting with a dull ache, warmth, and redness If untreated, it can progress to cartilaginous necrosis and deformity (death of the cartilage)
48
what is insidious
it will happen slowly, may not notice it right away dull ache, warmth, redness, etc.
49
Infections of the auricle can be
bacterial or viral
50
most severe and common viral infection of the auricle
herpes zoster oticus
51
The most common viral infection with accompanying VII N paralysis
herpes zoster oticus
52
what is herpes zoster oticus
shingles ramsay hunt syndrome
53
what is shingles caused by
Caused by reactivation of latent varicella zoster (chicken pox) virus in geniculate, spiral, and vestibular ganglion, and VII nerve sheath
54
The 2nd most common cause of facial nerve palsy (3 to 20%)
herpes zoster oticus
55
earliest symptom of shingles
pain and painful rash in the ear canal, concha, or below/behind the auricle
56
can shingles affect the 8th nerve
yes, but not very common more externally
57
what is allergic contact dermatitis
Caused by exposure to medicinal and cosmetic products (particularly jewelry containing nickel) The auricle becomes red, inflamed, and there may be pain
58
he auricle is prone to allergies resulting most commonly in
contact dermatitis
59
treatment for shingles
antiviral drugs and steroids sometimes med to calm the nerves
60
treatment for contact dermititis
topical antibiotics and steroids
61
what is seborrheic dermatitis
etiology unknown believed to be due to infection by yeast like organism Malassezia furfur
62
result of seborrheic dermatitis
scaly superficial eczematous dermatitis (not contagious)
63
often causes otitis externa
seborrheic dermatitis
64
treatment for seborrheic dermatitis
Decrease yeast colonization and inflammation by antimycotic drugs, topical steroid cream, and drops
65
neoplasm menaing
new tissue can be benign or malignant
66
Benign neoplasms include
cysts and keloids
67
what is a keloid
scar tissue Benign outward overgrowth of scar tissue
68
what are cysts
fluid filled cavities anywhere in the body
69
what are sebaceous cysts
Fluid filled cysts that are generally seen following trauma such as ear piercing can become secondarily infected
70
treatment for sebaceous cysts
antibiotics followed by surgical excision
71
Commonly seen following ear trauma, ear piercing, and viral infections like herpes varicella zoster
keloid
72
can spread to adjacent tissue this is why they are considered in tumor categories
keloid
73
treatment for keloids
surgical excision steroid injection
74
these are rare
malingnant neoplasms of the auricle
75
most common malingnant neoplasms of the auricle represents ½ to 2/3 of all skin cancers involving the auricle
squamous cell carcinoma
76
most common skin cancer but its occurrence in the auricle is fairly uncommon
basal cell carcinoma
77
the 6th most common cancer in the U. S.
cutaneous malignant melanoma
78
represent 7 to 20% of all head/neck cutaneous melanomas
auricular melanomas
79
ancer of connective tissue
rhabdomyosarcoma
80
most common soft tissue childhood tumor
rhabdomyosarcoma
81
melanoma =
moles
82
can be cancer of the muscles
sarcomas
83
signs and symtpoms of rhabdomyosarcoma
otalgia (pain), otorrhea (drainage), bleeding and bone destruction
84

AUDE 5410 Aud-Vestib Disorders (18 decks)

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