Ovarian Anatomy/Embryology, Cystic Lesions, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, and Stromal Hyperthecosis Flashcards
What are the three components of an ovary?
Epithelial surface, Mesenchymal stroma (containing steroid-producing cells), germ cells
What is the functional unit of an ovary?
Theca interna and and theca externa
Was ist “mittelschmerz”?
Midcycle pain associated with ovulation
What is the most common cause of enlarged ovaries?
Cysts
From what do serous cysts develop?
Invaginated surface epithelium
A follicular cyst is shown. What can a persistent follicular cyst cause?
Precocious puberty in a child and menstrual irregularities in an adult
What is the cause of a corpus luteum cyst?
Delayed resolution of a corpus luteum central cavity
What is the agent produced by a corpus luteum cyst that causes menstrual irregularities?
Progesterone
What are theca lutein cysts associated with?
High levels of circulating gonadotropin
What is Stein-Leventhal Syndrome?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
What are 3 characteristics of Stein-Leventhal Syndrome?
- Excess secretion of androgenic hormones
- Persistent anolvulation
- Ovaries containing many subcapsular cysts
What is thought to be the central cause of POS?
Increased ovarian production of androgens
What effects does POS have locally?
- Premature follicular atresia
- Multiple follicular cysts
- Persistent anovulatory state
What happens to the excess androgens peripherally?
Androgens are converted into estrogens in peripheral adipose tissue
What endocrine effects does POS have?
Peripheral insuline resistance out of proportion with degree of obesity
Ovarian Stromal Hyperthecosis. Describe the pathology. Clinical signs
Nests of lutenized (lipid-rich) stromal cells are present, generally occurs in post-menopausal women; Virilization (masculinizing effects)
