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Human Anatomy 101 > Overall Revision > Flashcards

Overall Revision Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the surge in luteinising hormone, that occurs in the middle of the ovarian cycle, trigger?

A

Ovulation

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2
Q

Does ADH increase the permeability of the collecting ducts to water?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the organ that transports the ovum to the uterus called?

A

uterine tube

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4
Q

What is the knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle called?

A

glomerulus

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5
Q

What do the cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular cells form?

A

juxtaglomerular complex

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6
Q

What is the u-shaped segment of the nephron called?

A

the nephron loop (loop of henle)

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7
Q

What is the organ that produces an alkaline secretion? (male reproductive organ)

A

seminal gland (seminal vesicle)

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8
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

the thick muscular layer of the uterus

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9
Q

What component of the nephron is largely confined to the renal medulla

A

the collecting ducts

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10
Q

What does contraction of the dartos muscle tighten?

A

scrotal sac

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11
Q

Where in the male reproductive system would you expect to find the most mature spermatozoa?

A

in the ductus deferens and the ejaculatory duct

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12
Q

What organ is the organ that produces a secretion that contains fructose, prostaglandins and fibrogen?

A

the seminal gland (seminal vesicle)

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13
Q

Is protein a normal constituent of urine?

A

No THIS IS ABNORMAL

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14
Q

Where does the urine pass to next after the glomerular capsule?

A

the proximal convoluted tubule

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15
Q

Where are the majority of the glomeruli located?

A

the cortex of the kidney

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16
Q

What is the macula densa apart of ?

A

the distal convoluted tubule

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17
Q

What organ carries sperm from the epididymus to the urethra?

A

the ductus deferens

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18
Q

blood leaves the glomerulus through a blood vessel called the?

A

efferent arteriole

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19
Q

The expanded beginning of the ureter connects to the?

A

renal pelvis

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20
Q

During the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle the functional zone of what is restored?

A

the endometrium

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21
Q

What is sodium reabsorption in the DCT and cortical portion of the collecting system accelerated by?

A

the secretion of aldosterone

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22
Q

What does the ovary secrete after ovulation?

A

both oestrogen and progesterone

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23
Q

What is the inferior portion of the uterus that projects into the vagina called?

A

cervix

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24
Q

What portion of the nephron empties into the collecting duct?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

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25
Does the urinary system excrete excess albumen molecules?
No
26
Is the number of primordial follicles in the ovaries greater at birth or during puberty?
Birth
27
Where do microscopic afferent arterioles arise from?
the branches of the interlobular arteries and then they lead to the glomeruli
28
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is?
absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins and water
29
What makes up the renal corpuscle?
glomerular (bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus
30
What happens during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?
the fertilised ovum implants, progesterone levels are high, endometrial glands enlarge and the corpus luteum is formed
31
When spermatogonia divide, what are the daughter cells called?
spermatocytes
32
Why does the uterine phase develop?
because of a fall in progesterone levels in the menses
33
Where does sperm production occur?
seminiferous tubules
34
When ADH levels rise the does amount of water reabsorbed increase or decrease?
Increases
35
What are major calyces?
large branches of the renal pelvis
36
What do sperm develop from?
from stem cells called spermatogonia
37
When the level of ADH decreases, what happens?
both more urine is produced and the osmolarity of the urine decreases
38
Triangular or conical structures located in the renal medulla are called?
pyramids
39
follicle stimulating hormone does what?
Both stimulates maturation of primordial follicles in the ovary and stimulates spermatogenesis
40
the reproductive system does what? (in terms of gametes)
produces gametes, stores gametes, transports gametes and nourishes gametes
41
Are the kidneys partly located in the pelvic cavity?
No
42
What organ provides mechanical protection and nutritional support for the developing embryo?
the uterus
43
Do the the accessory organs of the male reproductive system activate spermatozoa?
No
44
Where does fertilisation usually occur?
In the region of the ampulla
45
If the prostate stopped secreting fluid what would it result in?
semen with a higher than normal pH
46
What is testosterone secreted by?
interstitial cells
47
What movement(s) of the foot are involved in non-weight bearing supination?
Adduction, inversion + plantarflexion
48
Which muscles are involved with supination of the foot?
Soleus, tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus
49
What movement(s) of the foot are involved in pronation?
Abduction, eversion, dorsiflexion
50
What muscles are involved with pronation of the foot?
peroneus brevis, extensor digitorum, peroneus longus and peroneus teritus
51
In what plane does inversion/ eversion of the foot occur?
coronal
52
In what plane does plantarflexion/ dorsiflexion of the foot occur?
saggital
53
What movement(S) of the talus are involved in pronation of the weight bearing foot?
plantarflexion, adduction
54
Which muscles restrain pronation during gait?
Soleus, tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior
55
What movement(s) of the calcaneum are involved in non-weight bearing pronation?
Abduction, eversion and dorsiflexion
56
in what plane does abduction/ adduction of the foot occur?
transverse
57
what is the angle of inclination of the femur?
angle between the axis of the head and neck of the femur and the axis of the shaft of the femur in the coronal plane.
58
What is the angle of torsion of the femur?
Angle between the axis of the femoral condyles and the axis of the femoral neck in the transverse plane
59
What is the average angle of inclination of the femur in the normal adult population?
125 plus or minus 5 degrees
60
What is the average angle of inclination of the femur in infants?
150 degrees
61
What is the average angle of torsion of the femur in the normal adult population?
14 degrees medially rotated
62
What is an increase in the angle of inclination of the femur called?
coxa valga
63
If a person has coxa vara how could this affect the moment arm of the hip abductors?
increased moment arm
64
What is a decrease in the angle of torsion of the femur called?
retroversion
65
What would be the effects of retroversion of the femur?
external femoral torsion, feet point outwards and altered muscle mechanics
66
What is the close packed position of the hip joint?
extension
67
Not all movements in the lumbar spine are of equal range. What are the motions available at the lumbar spine in descending order?
flexion/extension, lateral flexion and rotation
68
What motion occurs in the lumbar spine and pelvic region during forward bending in a standing position?
first 60 degrees lumbar flexion, then tilting of the pelvis allows further flexion
69
Are psoas major, internal obliques, external obliques and rectus abdominis lumbar flexors?
Yes
70
Which structures limit flexion in the lumbar spine?
trunk extensors, intervertebral disc, posterior ligaments
71
Do facet joints limit rotation in the lumbar spine?
Yes
72
What provides intrinsic stability to the lumbar spine?
ligaments, intervertebral discs
73
which bones are involved in the subtalar joint?
talus, calcaneum
74
What movements occur at the subtalar joint?
plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, abduction, adduction, inversion and eversion
75
what movements of the calcaneum are involved in non-weight bearing supination?
adduction, inversion and planterflexion
76
What is the close packed position of the subtalar joint?
supination
77
What structures are involved in passive restraint of pronation?
medial ligaments of the ankle and interosseous talo calcaneal ligament
78
What is the usual ratio of inversion to eversion motion of the calcaneum at the subtalar joint?
2:1
79
What structures are involved in passive restraint of supination?
lateral ligaments of the ankle and interosseous talocaneal ligament
80
What is the loose packed position of the subtalar joint?
pronation
81
What structures are involved in active restraint of supination?
evertor muscles
82
What bones are involved in the midtarsal joint?
talus, calcaneum, navicular and cuboid
83
What other name is used for midtarsal joint?
transverse tarsal joint
84
Which joints are involved in the midtarsal joint?
talonavicular, calcaneocuboid
85
How are the axes of motion of the midtarsal joint described?
longitudinal oblique
86
What motions occur about the longitudinal midtarsal joint axis?
mainly eversion/ inversion
87
What motions occur about the oblique midtarsal joint axis?
large range of plantarflexion and dorsiflexion, large range of adduction and abduction, small range inversion and eversion
88
What motions occur about the midtarsal joint when the hindfoot has pronated as weight is loaded onto the foot?
supination around the longitudinal axis
89
What position of the midtarsal of the midtarsal joint contributes to rigid foot?
supination
90
Which ligaments contribute to the stability of the hip joint?
iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral and pubofemoral
91
Which ligaments are tight in hip extension?
iliofemoral, ischiofemoral and pubofemoral
92
Where are the sacroiliac and symphysis pubis joints?
the pelvis
93
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
part fibrous and part synovial
94
Which motions occur at the sacroiliac joint?
nutation and counternutation, superior and inferior glide
95
Which ligaments are associated with stability in the sacroiliac joints?
iliolumbar, sacroiliac, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous
96
What is the function of the transverse ligament of the acetabulum?
completes the acetabular rim inferiorly

Human Anatomy 101 (4 decks)

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