overview

Question 1

what does internal resp refer to

Answer 1

intracellular mechanisms which consumes 02 and produces co2

Question 1

external resp

Answer 1

lead to the exchange of 02 and co2 between the external environment and cells of the body

Question 2

four steps of external resperation

Answer 2

ventilation
gas exchange between alveoli and blood
gas transport in the blood
gas exchange at the tissue leve

Question 3

ventilation

Answer 3

mechanical process of moving gas in and out of the lungs

Question 4

gas exchange between alveoli and blood

Answer 4

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries

Question 5

gas transport in the blood

Answer 5

The binding and transport of of O2 and CO2 in the circulating blood

Question 6

gas exchange at the tissue leve

Answer 6

The exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood in the systemic capillaries and the body cells

Question 7

what type of process is normal resting expiration

Answer 7

passive

Question 8

what type of process is inspiration

Answer 8

active

Question 9

how do the lungs ahdere to the chest wall and follow its movement

Answer 9

The intrapleural fluid cohesiveness
Transmural pressure gradient

Question 10

Intrapleural fluid cohesiveness

Answer 10

water moleucles in intrapleural flluid are attracted to each other and resist being pulled apart hence pleural memrbanes tend to stick together

Question 11

transmural pressure gardient

Answer 11

the difference between intrathoracic (or ‘intrapleural’) and alveolar pressure.

Question 12

intra alveolar pressure- intrapulmonary

Answer 12

pressure within lung alveoli

Question 13

intrapleural pressure – intrathoracic

Answer 13

pressure exerted outside the lungs within pleural cavity , usually less than atmospehric

Question 14

pressures across lung wall

Answer 14

intraalveolar pushes outward
intrapleural pushes inward
stretching lungs to fill the larger thoracic cavity
transmural pressure gradient pushes out on lungs

Question 15

pressures across thoracic wall

Answer 15

atmospheric inward
intrapleural outward
compresses thoracic wall
transmural pressure gradient pushes inward on the lungs

Question 16

what abolishes the pressure gradient

Answer 16

pneumothorax

Question 17

what pressure does a pnuemothoax raise

Answer 17

intrathoracic

Question 18

boyles law

Answer 18

At any constant temperature the
pressure exerted by a gas varies
inversely with the volume of the gas

Question 19

what happens to the pressure exrted by gas as volume of it increases

Answer 19

as the volume of a gas increases the pressure exerted by the gas decreases

Question 20

intra alveolar pressure assoc with atmoshperic during inspiration

Answer 20

must become less for air to flow in as air flows to a region of high to low

Question 21

what makes the intra alveolar pressure fall

Answer 21

expansion of the lungs

Question 22

what happens to the diaphragm on inspiration

Answer 22

descends

Question 23

which muscles are used upon inspiration

Answer 23

external intercostals

Question 24

alveolar surface tension

Answer 24

atttraction between water moolecules at liquid air interface

Question 25

what reduces alveolar surface tension

Answer 25

surfactant

Question 26

surfactan

Answer 26

complex mixture of lipids and proteins

Question 27

what is surfactant secreted by

Answer 27

type 2 alveoli

Question 28

beenift of surfactant

Answer 28

preven thte smaller alveoli from collapsing and emptying their contents into larger alveoli